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Max Kam
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Decks in this class (131)
JC01 (Surgery) - Vein diseases
Describe the course of the great ...,
Define location of the saphenofem...,
Describe the course of small saph...
34
cards
JC02 (Surgery) - Peripheral Vascular Ischaemia and Acute vascular emergencies
Risk factors for chronic limb isc...,
Typical presentation of non criti...,
Typical presentation of critical ...
45
cards
JC03 (Surgery) - Aortic Aneurysm
Define aneurysm,
Classify 4 main types of aneurysm...,
Classify true and false aneurysms
30
cards
JC04 (Medicine) - Syncope and Arrhythmia
Define syncope,
Define palpitation,
4 major etiologies of palpitations
62
cards
JC05 - Valvular heart disease
Pathophysiology of acute and chro...,
S s of acute rheumatic fever,
Type of murmur associated with ac...
58
cards
JC 06 (Medicine) - Ischaemic heart disease, Angina pectoris
6 pathophysiological components t...,
Explain the pathophysiological ch...,
Explain the pathophysiological ch...
48
cards
JC 07 (Medicine) - Acute Coronary Syndrome
Differentiate unstable angina nst...,
4 major clinical presentations of...,
Mechanism of myocardial ischaemic...
46
cards
JC08 (Medicine) ** - Hereditary Cardiac Diseases
Types of hereditary cardiac diseases,
List 4 major inherited cardiomyop...,
List 4 major types of inherited c...
37
cards
JC09 (Medicine) - Exertional Heart Failure
Define heart failure,
S s low cardiac output forward he...,
S s of right heart failure backwa...
34
cards
JC10 (Medicine) - Hypertension
Etiologies of hypertension,
Pathogenesis of hypertension,
3 methods of bp monitoring
41
cards
JC 11 (Surgery) - Shock
Define shock,
3 methods to assess for tissue hy...,
Equations for oxygen delivery and...
32
cards
JC 12 (Medicine) - Acute Myocardial Infarction and Aortic Dissection
Difference in troponin levels bet...,
Pathophysiology of acute myocardi...,
Phases of myocardial infarction w...
38
cards
JC13 (Surgery) - CXR
Define size cut off for lung mass,
Investigations for solitary pulmo...,
Imaging features of benign lung n...
30
cards
JC14 (Medicine) - Lower respiratory tract infections
Define pneumonia,
Typical clinical picture of acute...,
Explain how pneumonia leads to dy...
58
cards
JC15 (Medicine) - Interstitial Lung Disease
List 4 inhaled substances that ca...,
Define pulmonary fibrosis,
List the physiological changes in...
31
cards
JC16 (Medicine) - Sleep apnea
Causes of daytime sleepiness,
List night time symptoms due to s...,
Name of clinical assessment chart...
33
cards
JC17 (Medicine) - Asthma and Allergic Lung Diseases
Define asthma,
4 types of asthma,
4 host risk factors to asthma
52
cards
JC18 (Medicine) - Pleural Effusion and Lung Cancer
Define pleural effusion 4 types o...,
Describe 4 factors that determine...,
Compare transudative and exudativ...
52
cards
JC19 (Medicine) - COPD
Define copd,
2 pathophysiological components o...,
Define chronic bronchitis
36
cards
JC20 - Cor Pulmonale and respiratory failure
Define cor pulmonale,
Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale,
Clinical features of cor pulmonale
25
cards
JC21, 22 - Where is the lesion I & II
S s of extrapyramidal system lesion,
S s of cerebellar lesion,
S s of peripheral nerve lesion
55
cards
JC23 (Medicine) - Cerebellar Lesions and Gait Disorders
Outline the physiological compone...,
Anatomical components that contro...,
Anatomical components that contro...
62
cards
JC24 (Medicine) - Meningitis and Encephalitis
Differentiate meningitis and meni...,
Causes of meningitis,
Primary sources of infection that...
57
cards
JC25 (Medicine) - Stroke
Define stroke,
Stroke vs tia difference,
3 major types of stroke prevalenc...
36
cards
JC26 (Medicine) - Headache and Neuralgia
Differentiate primary and seconda...,
5 most common types of headaches,
Pathophysiology of headache pain ...
51
cards
JC27 (Surgery) - Raised ICP and hydrocephalus
Normal range of icp for adults ch...,
Symptoms of raised icp,
Ddx of raised icp
46
cards
JC28 (Surgery) - Brain Tumors
Primary brain tumours by cellular...,
Ddx of intracranial tumors,
Routes of tumor metastasis to brain
43
cards
JC29 (Medicine) - Seizure and LOC
4 major syndromes that cause sudd...,
Syncope pathophysiology mechanism...,
Seizure pathophysiology mechanism...
68
cards
JC30 (Surgery) - Cerebrovascular events
List 5 types of cranial haemorrha...,
Outline major subtypes of ischemi...,
Compare onset between ischemic an...
36
cards
JC31 (Surgery) - Diseases of Spinal Cord
Acute causes of paraplegia,
Chronic causes of paraplegia,
Complete cord lesion features ass...
50
cards
JC32 (Medicine) - Neuropathy, Myopathy
Ddx cns lesions with generalized ...,
Ddx peripheral neuropathy with ge...,
Ddx nmj diseases with generalize ...
42
cards
JC33, 34 (Medicine) - Diabetes
List ocular complications of dm,
Physiology of insulin secretion,
Causes of dm
90
cards
JC35 (Medicine) - Obesity
Clinical methods to quantify obesity,
Cut off points of bmi,
Measures of fat distributionfunction
34
cards
JC36 (Medicine) - Osteoporosis
Define osteoporosis,
Compare difference between trabec...,
Describe bone remodeling units an...
39
cards
JC 37 (Medicine) - Hyper- and Hypocalcaemia
Physiological effects of pth,
Physiological effects of vitamin d,
Physiological effects of calcitonin
48
cards
JC38 (Medicine) - Thyrotoxicosis and Hypothyroidism
Describe the physiological proces...,
Forms of thyroid hormone transpor...,
Describe activation and deactivat...
71
cards
JC39 (Surgery) - Thyroid mass
List all ddx of goitre,
List major histological types of ...,
Define simple goiter
45
cards
JC40 (Medicine) - Adrenal diseases
3 diseases that cause endocrine h...,
Anatomical divisions of pituitary...,
List all cell types in the pituit...
42
cards
JC41 (Medicine) - Pituitary tumors and hypopituitarism
Pituitary gland location borders ...,
Anatomical connection between pit...,
List non functional tumors of pit...
60
cards
JC42 (Medicine) - Leukaemia, Bone Marrow Transplant, Immunogenetics
Leukocytosis2 broad category of c...,
Outline 9 questions to identify c...,
Describe the following pbs result...
74
cards
JC43 (Medicine) - Anaemia
S s of anemia,
S s of underlying causes of uremi...,
List all red cell indices
83
cards
JC44 (Medicine) - MPN
Components and functions of lymph...,
Spleen functions general structure,
Main causes of splenomegaly
31
cards
JC 45 (Medicine) - Transfusion complications
Different types of blood products,
Acute adverse reactions after tra...,
Chronic complications from transf...
31
cards
JC46 (Medicine) - Multiple Myeloma
Define gammopathy 2 types,
Marker for clonal plasma cells,
List neoplasms arising from clona...
40
cards
JC47 (Medicine) - Clotting disorders
3 stages of haemostasis,
Agonists of platelet activation,
Phases of platelet activation
66
cards
JC48 (Medicine) - Hemolytic anaemia, Aplastic anaemia, Inherited anaemia
Inherited causes of haemolytic an...,
Broad categories in acquired caus...,
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinur...
43
cards
JC49 (Medicine) - Lymphadenopathy and Lymphoma
Ddx generalized lymphadenopathy,
Ddx localized lymphadenopathy,
Describe lymphadenopathy site siz...
43
cards
JC50 (Medicine) - DVT, PE, Thrombophilia
Virchow s triad of thrombosis,
Risk factors of venous thromboemb...,
Risk factors of hypercoagulability
43
cards
JC51 (Surgery) - Dysphagia, Achalasia, Esophageal Cancer
Define dysphagia oropharyngeal dy...,
Define 3 physiological phases of ...,
Describe oral phase of swallowing
50
cards
JC52 (Surgery) - Upper GI Bleed
Common causes of ugib,
Rarer causes of ugib,
Variceal hemorrhage suggestive fe...
37
cards
JC53 (Surgery) - Lower and diffuse abdominal pain, Peritonitis, Abdominal emergencies
3 physiological origins of abdomi...,
Visceral abdominal pain origin an...,
Parietal abdominal pain
59
cards
JC54 (Medicine) - Acute hepatitis - HAV and HEV
Compare hepatitis viruses family ...,
Compare hepatitis viruses family ...,
Hav infection clinical phases tot...
18
cards
JC55 (Surgery) - Biliary obstruction, epigastric mass
Physiology of bilirubin excretion...,
Describe the physiological proces...,
Describe the enterohepatic circul...
50
cards
JC56 (Medicine) - Upper GI Bleed
Anatomical definition of ugib,
Define anatomical definition of s...,
Differentiate overt occult and ob...
28
cards
JC57 - Hepatitis B
Standard workup tests for hepatitis,
Structure and genome of hbv,
Hbv proteins that indicate active...
35
cards
JC58 (Surgery) - Gastric Cancer
Differentiate esophageal obstruct...,
Compare presentation of upper mid...,
S s of upper gi obstruction
30
cards
JC59 (Medicine) - Peptic ulcer, Gallstones, Pancreatitis
Ddx gi causes of epigastric pain,
Ddx non gi causes of epigastric pain,
Differentiate the likely organs i...
68
cards
JC60 (Surgery) - Intestinal Obstruction
Difference in presentation betwee...,
Differentiate simple closed loop ...,
Define causes of dynamic mechanic...
74
cards
JC61 (Surgery) - Lower GI bleed
Lower gib anatomical definition p...,
Causes of massive ugib and small ...,
Causes of massive ugib and small ...
37
cards
JC62 (Surgery) - Anorectal diseases
Common s s of anorectal diseases,
Outline p e for anorectal diseases,
Investigations for anorectal dise...
49
cards
JC63A (Surgery) - Gallstones, Pancreatitis, Cholangiocarcinoma, RPC, Liver abscess, Pancreatic cancer
Gallstones types risk factors,
Screening for risk factors of gal...,
4 diseases stages of gallstone di...
59
cards
JC63B (Surgery) - Imaging for hepatobiliary system
List 5 main imaging modalities fo...,
Plain axr abdominal pathologies i...,
Us abdomen advantages and disadva...
9
cards
JC63C (Surgery) - Cholangitis and Cholecystitis
Define causes of acute cholecystitis,
Cause of chronic cholecystitis,
Cause of chronic cholecystitis
25
cards
JC64 (Surgery) - Hepatomegaly and Liver cancer
Malignant ddx of hepatomegaly,
Benign ddx of hepatomegaly,
Outline brief history taking for ...
31
cards
JC65 (Medicine) - Liver Failure, Hepatic encephalopathy
Define liver failure into 3 entities,
Define acute liver failure define...,
Causes of acute liver failure
32
cards
JC66 (Surgery) - Liver transplant
Causes of acute liver failure,
Acute liver failure cardiovascula...,
Acute liver failure respiratory m...
37
cards
JC67 (Medicine) - Acute and Chronic Diarrhea - IBS and IBD
Ddx infective and non infective c...,
Acute diarrhea 4 pathological gro...,
Infective food poisoning
72
cards
JC68 (Medicine) - Cirrhosis Complications
Causes of liver cirrhosis,
List 6 major complications of cir...,
Pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis
46
cards
JC69 (Surgery) - Urinary incontinence
Differentiate urinary incontinenc...,
Describe the physiological mechan...,
Somatic neural control of micturi...
52
cards
JC70 - Electrolyte and Acid-base Disorders
Differentiate primary metabolic a...,
Anion gap formula,
Causes of high anion gap
29
cards
JC71 (Surgery) - BPH, Bladder outlet obstruction, Urinary retention
Physiology of bladder storage how...,
Physiology of bladder emptying ho...,
Afferent sensory pathway from bla...
33
cards
JC72 (Surgery) - Hematuria, Kidney stones, PSA, BPH, Prostate Cancer
Renal causes of haematuria,
Classical triad of presentation f...,
Post renal causes of haematuria
95
cards
JC73 (Surgery) - UTI
Define upper and lower uti by ana...,
Define complicated vs uncomplicat...,
Pathogens that typically cause co...
46
cards
JC74 (Medicine) - Gastric motility problems, Benign esophageal lesions
Gerd definition pathophysiology,
Physiological mechanisms against ...,
Aggravating factors of esophageal...
59
cards
JC75 (Surgery) - Erectile dysfunction
List the layers of the penis from...,
Arterial supply of penis,
Ligaments attached to penis
36
cards
JC76 (Surgery) - Breast cancer
Modalities of breast cancer spread,
Breast cancer risk factors non mo...,
Breast cancer risk factors drug h...
56
cards
JC77 (Medicine) - Renal replacement therapy
Renal replacement therapy 3 main ...,
Mechanism of peritoneal dialysis,
Factors that influence choice bet...
51
cards
JC78 (Medicine) - Glomerular, Tubulo-interstitial diseases and AKI
3 standard histopathological test...,
List all staining techniques for ...,
Masson trichrome stain usage and ...
48
cards
JC79 (Medicine) - Chronic kidney diseases
Clinical definition of ckd,
Define range of gfr for 5 stages ...,
How does albuminuria affect progn...
46
cards
JC80 (Surgery) - Hernia and scrotal lumps
Hernia definition contents of a h...,
Clinical classes of hernia,
Common clinical features of hernia
63
cards
JC81 (Surgery) - Skin ulcers
Constituents and layers of skin e...,
Constituents and layers of skin d...,
Constituents and layers of subcutis
84
cards
JC82 (Medicine) - Monoarthropathy
List diseases that cause monoarti...,
List polyarticular diseases that ...,
Ddx the most likely cause of mono...
49
cards
JC83 (Medicine) - OA, RA, SpA
List causes of polyarthritis,
Most likely cause of poly articul...,
Most likely cause of polyarticula...
70
cards
JC84 (Medicine) - SLE
Sle definition,
Sle typical demographics genetic ...,
Triggering events of sle
41
cards
JC85 (Medicine) - Urticaria, Angioedema, Anaphylaxis
Clinical definition of wheals,
Compare wheals with urticarial va...,
Clinical definition of angioedema
24
cards
JC86 (ENT) - Upper airway obstruction
Ddx causes of upper airway obstru...,
Ddx causes of upper airway obstru...,
Causes of upper airway obstructio...
52
cards
JC87 (Microbiology) - Medically important microbes
Outline the classification scheme...,
S aureus list types of infections,
4 subtypes of s aureus with varyi...
54
cards
JC88 (Microbiology) - Antibiotics resistnace
Methods of identifying microbes,
3 examples of penicillins,
5 examples of cephalosporins 1 by...
29
cards
JC89 (Microbiology) - Defense against microbes
Components of innate immune system,
3 complement activation pathways,
Components of adaptive immunity
42
cards
JC90 (Microbiology) - Fever in the traveller
Factors that influence level of t...,
List environmental and infection ...,
Preventive measures against healt...
42
cards
JC91 (Microbiology) - Neutropenic fever
Host immune defense in skin and m...,
Immune defense against microbes i...,
3 pathogens that are highly virul...
41
cards
JC92 (Microbiology) - Diagnosis of infections
Clinical approach to suspected in...,
3 determinants of the quality of ...,
Methods to ensure the quality of ...
48
cards
JC93(Microbiology) - Infectious disease outbreak and infection control
Purpose of infection control,
What is the most important measur...,
Differentiate community acquired ...
30
cards
JC94 (Microbiology) - Septic shock
Define infection,
Differentiate sepsis and septic s...,
List all physiological dysfunctio...
15
cards
JC95 (Medicine) - Fever
Define normal oral rectal tympani...,
Determinants of basal body temper...,
Describe the physiological respon...
26
cards
JC96 (ENT) - Common nasal conditions and NPC
Key question in history taking fo...,
Outline exams for the nose,
Ddx nasal obstruction in adults
38
cards
JC97 (ENT) - Common ear diseases and hearing loss
Anatomical structures involved in...,
Ddx conductive deafness,
Ddx sensorineural deafness in chi...
42
cards
JC98 (ENT) - Dysphonia and Aphonia
Anatomical structures that are af...,
Mechanical function of true vocal...,
Anatomical layers of vocal cord w...
29
cards
JC99 (ENT) - Infections and Tumors in Pharynx and Oral cavity
Divide upper aerodigestive tract ...,
List salivary glands,
Outline history taking questions ...
49
cards
JC100 (ENT) - Vertigo
Inputs integration and effectors ...,
Anatomical components of the peri...,
Anatomical components of the laby...
52
cards
JC101 (ENT) - Facial nerve palsy and salivary gland diseases
Three anatomical divisions and br...,
Effectors innervated by the facia...,
5 possible locations of facial ne...
70
cards
JC102 (Medicine) - HIV infection
Hiv genus family,
Hiv routes of transmission,
Hiv screening and confirmation te...
30
cards
JC103 (O&G) - Cervical cancer screening
Cervical cancer reasons to why it...,
Personnel organisations involved ...,
Target population for cervical ca...
44
cards
JC104 (O&G) - Urinary Incontinence in Females, Genital Prolapse
Female pelvic floor structures,
Function of levator ani muscles,
3 major function of the pelvic floor
35
cards
JC105 (O&G) - Obstetric and gynaecological infections
List natural immune defenses in t...,
Factors that adversely affect imm...,
Non infectious causes of vaginal ...
41
cards
JC 106 (O&G) - Climacteric symptoms
Define primary and secondary amen...,
6 major groups of causes of ameno...,
List physiological causes of amen...
51
cards
JC107 (O&G) - Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Ddx benign causes of abnormal vag...,
Ddx malignant causes of abnormal ...,
Risk factors of cervical cancer
18
cards
JC108 (O&G) - Pelvic Mass: Ovarian Cancer & Cysts, Uterine Fibroid, Pelvic Imaging
Outline history taking questions ...,
Uterine fibroids cell of origin p...,
Ddx benign ovarian mass
32
cards
JC109 (O&G) - Pre-marital, Pre-pregnancy & Prenatal Counselling
Outline the reproductive risks to...,
Compare globin gene expression be...,
Define the 4 severities of alpha ...
23
cards
JC110 (O&G) - Medical disorders in Pregnancy
List chronic medical conditions t...,
List medical conditions that is c...,
List medical conditions aggravate...
31
cards
JC111 (O&G) – Management of Infertility
Describe the ovarian cycle follic...,
Define the normal monthly and cum...,
Define infertility
29
cards
JC112 (Paediatrics) - Premature Puberty: Puberty & Related Disorders
Hormonal changes that start onset...,
Describe the gonadal development ...,
Factors that modulate the onset o...
54
cards
JC113 (Paediatrics) - A Jaundiced Child: Neonatal Jaundice
Define neonatal jaundice define l...,
Difference between jaundice with ...,
Normal physiology of bilirubin pr...
25
cards
JC114 (Paediatrics) - Child abuse
Definition of child abuse,
Types of child abuse,
Risk factors for child abuse fami...
42
cards
JC115 (Paediatrics) - Childhood Medical Emergencies
3 anatomical differences in a chi...,
Physiological differences in card...,
Ddx non hypovolemic shock in chil...
27
cards
JC116 (Paediatrics) - Eczema and food allergies in children
Conditions that define atopy,
Age for peak incidence of atopic ...,
Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
21
cards
JC117 (Paediatrics) - Diarrhea in children
Ddx causes of acute onset bloody ...,
Ddx causative pathogens of watery...,
Outline history taking questions ...
43
cards
JC118 (Paediatrics) - Immunodeficiency in children
Features suggestive of allergy in...,
Outline the causes of immunodefic...,
All causes of non immunologic def...
29
cards
JC119 (Paediatrics) - Child Growth and Development
Determinants of a newborn s size,
Describe the normal growth veloci...,
Define the normal 50th centile he...
36
cards
JC120 (Paediatrics) - Child early growth and nutrition
Key determinants of growth during...,
Factors that influence nutritiona...,
Describe the process of fetal git...
25
cards
JC121 (Paediatrics) - Cough in children
Physiology of cough reflex,
Respiratory and non respiratory c...,
Outline history taking questions ...
45
cards
JC122 (Paediatrics) - Clinical genetics in paediatrics
Compare entirely genetic and enti...,
Example of diseases mostly due to...,
Example of diseases caused by gen...
30
cards
JC123 (Paediatrics) - Paediatric heart conditions
Pathophysiology of heart failure,
Outline history taking questions ...,
Signs of venous congestion
44
cards
JC124 (Paediatrics) - Childhood cancer
Compare cancer in adult and child...,
Compare cancer in adults and chil...,
Paediatric cancers typical age of...
47
cards
JC125 (Paediatrics) - Paediatric neurological diseases
Differentiate neurological disord...,
Examples of neurodisability,
Define neurodevelopment disorders
60
cards
JC126 (Family medicine) – The Family in Family Medicine
5 tools for family assessment and...,
Define family therapy,
Family apgar questions
25
cards
JC127 (Family Medicine) - Common Mental Health Problems in Primary Care
Most common mental disorders in g...,
Screening tools for depression an...,
Outline questions in the phq 2
15
cards
JC128 (Family Medicine) - Visual spot diagnosis
Outline history taking questions ...,
Relevant history taking questions...,
39
cards
JC129 (Family medicine) - Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Causative pathogens of urti,
Types of urti,
Symptoms of urti
25
cards
JC130 (Family Medicine) - Health Promotion & Disease Prevention in Primary Care
Differentiate primary secondary t...,
Examples of primary disease preve...,
Example of secondary prevention o...
22
cards
JC 131 – Paediatric Chemical Pathology (*)
Causes of neonatal jaundice,
First line investigations for nnj,
2 types of hyperlactatemia
14
cards
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