Английская транскрипция Flashcards
(45 cards)
[ e ]
Short Vowels
[ e ] - как в слове «плед», например, как в слове «let», близко к русскому [ э ]
Found in words like: bed, instead, friend
Letters that usually represent it: “e,” “ea”
Exp: Went, intend, send, letter.
[ æ ]
Short Vowels
среднее между [ э ] и [ а ], произносится кратко. Аналога ему нет в русском языке. Читается он, как в слове в слове «cat».
Found in words like: cat, lad, bat
Letters that usually represent it: “a”
Exp: Cat, hand, nap, flat, have.
[ ʌ ]
Short Vowels
[ а ] – очень краткий звук [ а ], как в словах «duck», «cut»
Found in words like: run, won, flood, sudden, alumnus
Letters that usually represent it: “u,” “o,” “oo”
Exp: Fun, love, money, one, London, come.
[ ʊ ]
Short Vowels
[ у ] – короткое, краткий звук, как в слове «put»
Found in words like: put, look, would
Letters that usually represent it: “oo,” “oul,” “u”
Remember that this sound is very similar to the schwa sound, but it is typically reserved for stressed syllables.
Exp: Put, look, should, cook, book, look.
[ ɒ ]
Short Vowels
имеет оттенок между русскими звуками [ а ] и [ о ], box
Found in words like: off, loss, cloth (General American)
Letters that usually represent it: “o,” “a”
Notice that this symbol is different from the symbol /a/, which some people pronounce in the word “father.” However, the symbol has been omitted from this list.
Exp: Rob, top, watch, squat, sausage.
[ ə ]
Short Vowels
напоминает нечто среднее между безударными русскими звуками [ а ] и [ э ].
один из наиболее распространенных звуков «e» в английской транскрипции. По звучанию, этот звук похож на русский звук «э». Он стоит только в безударных слогах и бывает практически неслышен или неразличим, к примеру, [‘letə], «letter» — письмо.
Found in words like: about, the, spotted, lemon, basil, analysis, acumen
Letters that usually represent it: almost any vowel
This symbol is known as the “schwa” and is often called the neutral vowel. Technically, it is the “mid central unrounded vowel,” and in English, it is only used for unstressed vowels. Stressed vowels that make a similar sound are represented by the /ʊ/ symbol.
What’s interesting about the schwa is that almost any vowel letter in English can make this sound, probably because it is the neutral vowel, and therefore a logical go-to for any vowel that becomes weakened from a lack of stress.
Exp: Alive, again, mother.
[ i: ]
Long Vowels
[ и ] – долгое, долгий звук, к примеру, как в «sheep»
Found in words like: city, see, meat, theme, fluorine, people
Letters that usually represent it: “ee,” “ea,” “y,” “i”
Exp: Need, beat, team.
[ ɜ: ]
Long Vowels
звучит, как [ ё ] в протяжно сказанном слове “мёд”, но немного более жестко, girl
Found in words like: burn, herd, earth, bird, worm, amateur, winner (General American)
Letters that usually represent it: “er,” “ear,” “ir,” “or,” “ur,” “eur”
Exp: Nurse, heard, third, turn.
[ ɔ: ]
Long Vowels
долгий звук «о», как в слове «more», длительное открытое [ о ]
Found in words like: law, caught, all, talk
Letters that usually represent it: “a,” “aw,” “au,” “al”
Exp: Talk, law, bored, yawn, jaw.
[ u: ]
Long Vowels
[ у ] – долгое, долгий звук, как в слове «blue»
Found in words like: tube, you, choose, through, threw, issue
Letters that usually represent it: “oo,” “u,” “ou,” “ew”
Exp: Few, boot, lose, gloomy, fruit, chew.
[ a: ]
Long Vowels
долгий звук «a», который читается, как в слове «car»
Exp: Fast, car, hard, bath.
[ f ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
[ ф ], близок к русскому [ ф ]
Voiceless fricative made by putting your upper front teeth on your lower lip
Found in words like: fool, enough, leaf, off, photo, glyph
Letters that usually represent it: “f,” “ph,” sometimes “gh”
Exp: Full, Friday, fish, knife.
[ v ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
[ в ], близок к русскому [ в ]
Voiced fricative made by putting your upper front teeth on your lower lip
Found in words like: voice, have, of, over
Letters that usually represent it: “v,” sometimes “f”
Exp: Vest, village, view, cave.
[ θ ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
звук, получающийся при помещении кончика языка между зубами и проталкивании воздуха в образовавшуюся щель
Voiceless fricative made by putting your tongue between your teeth
Found in words like: thing, teeth, Athens
Letters that usually represent it: “th”
If you’re curious about this symbol, it comes from the Greek letter “theta,” which makes the same sound in Greek.
Exp: Thought, think, Bath.
[ ð ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
как «θ», только с добавлением голоса, будто мягкая буква «з», артикулируется так же, как [ θ ], но с участием голосовых связок
Voiced fricative made by putting your tongue between your teeth
Found in words like: this, breathe, father
Letters that usually represent it: “th”
You might have noticed that both /θ/ and /ð/ are represented by “th” in English. Although sometimes there are rules as to when a letter or letter cluster makes different sounds, there really is no rule for “th.”
Sometimes it’s voiced, and sometimes it’s unvoiced, and you’ll just have to memorize the difference as you come across each word with a “th” in it. This letter seems to be based off of the Greek letter “delta,” which makes the same sound in Greek.
Exp: There, those, brothers, others.
[ z ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
[ з ], близок к русскому [ з ]
Voiced fricative made by putting the tip the tongue nearly on the alveolar ridge
Found in words like: zoo, rose, clothes, asthma
Letters that usually represent it: “z,” sometimes “s,” rarely “th”
Exp: Zoo, crazy, lazy, zigzag, nose.
[ ʃ ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
[ ш ], напоминает русский звук [ ш ], но звучит более мягко
Voiceless fricative made by putting the tip the tongue a little bit past the alveolar ridge
Found in words like: she, sure, session, emotion, leash
Letters that usually represent it: “sh,” “si,” “ti,” sometimes “s,”
Exp: Shirt, rush, shop, cash.
[ ʒ ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
звонкий звук, близок к русскому [ ж ] в слове “жить”, но при этом звучит мягко
Voiced fricative made by putting the tip the tongue a little bit past the alveolar ridge
Found in words like: genre, pleasure, beige, equation, seizure, vision
Letters that usually represent it: “g,” “si,” “ti,” “z,” sometimes “s”
Exp: Television, delusion, casual
[ h ]
Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
отдаленно напоминает русский звук [ х ], но звучит, как простой выдох
Exp: High, help, hello.
[ p ]
Consonants Sounds: Plosives
[ п ], произносится с аспирацией (резким выталкиванием воздуха из ротовой полости)
Voiceless stop made with both lips
Found in words like: pen, spin, tip, happy
Letters that usually represent it: “p”
Exp: Pin, cap, purpose, pause.
[ b ]
Consonants Sounds: Plosives
[ б ], близок к русскому звуку [ б ]
Voiced stop made with both lips
Found in words like: but, web, baby
Letters that usually represent it: “b”
As you may have noticed, the only difference between producing /p/ and /b/ is the voicing, while all other factors remain the same.
Exp: Bag, bubble, build, robe.
[ t ]
Consonants Sounds: Plosives
[ т ], произносится с кончиком языка на альвеолах (бугорках над зубами) и аспирацией
Voiceless stop made with the tip of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
Found in words like: two, sting
Letters that usually represent it: “t”
Exp: Time, train, tow, late.
[ d ]
Consonants Sounds: Plosives
[ д ], близок к русскому звуку [ д ], но произносится на альвеолах
Voiced stop made with the tip of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
Found in words like: do, daddy, odd
Letters that usually represent it: “d”
Exp: Door, day, drive, down, feed.
[ k ]
Consonants Sounds: Plosives
[ к ], произносится с аспирацией (выдохом)
Voiceless stop made with the back of the tongue on the soft palate
Found in words like: cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick, chaos
Letters that usually represent it: “k,” “c,” “q,” “que,” “ck,” sometimes “ch”
Exp: Cash, quick, cricket, sock.
