רגל, קרסול וכף רגל- אנטומיה

Question 1

Anterior region of the Leg
מתחת העור ה-
TISSUE CUTANEUS SUB מכילה את :

Answer 1

1. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
2. Superficial fibular nerve
3. Branches of Great & Small saphenous veins
4. Superficial lymphatic vessels

Question 2

Anterior region of the Leg
Deep plan

Answer 2

1. Deep fascia – crural fascia
2. superior extensor retinaculum
3. Tibial crest
4. Tibialis anterior muscle
5. Extensor digitorum longus
6. Extensor hallucis longus
   מתווסף בערך החל מהשליש האמצעי
   fibula & interosseus M. -ה של
7. Deep fibular nerve
8. Anterior tibial artery & veins
   Interosseous membrane

Question 3

מה המוצא הספינאלי של ה
Deep peroneal nerve
ומה כיוון התנועה שלו

Answer 3

L5–S2
oblique anterior inferior medial

Question 4

גיד ה-
FT
כלול במעטפת עם איזה שריר ?

Answer 4

EDL

Question 5

Deep peroneal nerve branches
Muscular Branches
את מה מספקים הענפים הללו?

Answer 5

1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor halucis longus
   Peroneus tertius

Question 6

Deep plan – anterior compartment
Deep peroneal nerve branches
Articular Branches
מה מספקים הענפים הללו ?

Answer 6

1. Distal tibio-fibular joint
2. Ankle joint

Question 7

Deep peroneal nerve branches
Medial terminal branch
מה מספקים הענפים הללו?

Answer 7

1. cutaneous innervation to the
   first inter-digital space
2. first metatarsophalangeal joint
   (articular branch)

Question 8

Deep peroneal nerve branches
Lateral terminal branch
מה מספקים הענפים הללו ?

Answer 8

1. extensor digitorum brevis and extensor
   hallucis brevis mm.
2. tarsal joint as well as the middle three
   metatarsophalangeal joints (articular
   branches).

Question 9

Deep peroneal nerve branches
Dorsal digital nerve
מה מספקים הענפים הללו ?

Answer 9

1. Sensory innervation to the skin of
   adjacent space of the 1st & 2nd toes
   (dorsal aspect)
2. Dorsal aspect of the joints of the 1 st toe.

Question 10

מה הוא המסלול של ה-
Anterior tibial artery & veins ?

Answer 10

1. commences at the bifurcation of
   the popliteal, at the lower border
   of the Popliteus.
2. passes forward the 2 heads of TP, & through the sup. Aperture of interosseus M.
3. descends on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane.

Question 11

עם מי עושה אנסטומוזה ה-
Posterior tibial recurrent artery?

Answer 11

inferior genicular branches

Question 12

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Posterior tibial recurrent artery
מספק את ?

Answer 12

1. superior tibiofibular joint
2. Popliteus m.

Question 13

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Anterior tibial recurrent artery
מספק את ?

Answer 13

Knee joint

Question 14

Anterior tibial recurrent artery
עושה אנסטומוזה עם?

Answer 14

genicular branches of the popliteal and circumflex fibular arteries

Question 15

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Muscular branches
מספקים את ?

Answer 15

1. Muscles of anterior compartment
2. Some of these branches pierce the deep fascia and
   supply the skin of the anterior leg
3. Some branches pass through the interosseous M. and
   anastomose with branches of the posterior tibial and
   medial plantar arteries

Question 16

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Perforating branches

Answer 16

עוברים מאוחרי ה-
EDL
מחוררים את הפאשיה ומספקים את העור של האנטריור לג.
עוזרים בוסקולריזציה של הפרוקסימל לטרל קומפרטמנט של הלג.

Question 17

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Anterior medial malleolar artery
מספק את ?

Answer 17

1. ankle joint
2. anastomose with branches of the posterior tibial and medial plantar arteries.

Question 18

Anterior tibial artery & veins branches :
Anterior lateral malleolar artery
מספק את?

Answer 18

1. ankle joint
2. anastomose with the perforating branch of the
   fibular (peroneal) artery, and the ascending
   branches of the lateral tarsal artery.

Question 19

Deep plan – lateral compartment
גבולות

Answer 19

1. Anterior intermuscular septum
2. Posterior intermuscular septum
3. Crural fascia
4. Lateral border of fibula

Question 20

Deep plan – anterior intermuscular septum of leg
Anatomical relations

Answer 20

Anteriorly : extensor digitorum longus m.
Posteriorly : peroneus longus & brevis mm.
Medially : anterior border of the fibula

Question 21

Deep plan – posterior intermuscular septum of leg
Anatomical relations

Answer 21

anteriorly : peroneus longus & brevis mm.
posteriorly : flexor hallucis longus & soleus mm.
Medially : posterior border of the fibula

Question 22

Deep plan – muscles – lateral compartment
שרירים ועצבים

Answer 22

1. Peroneus longus m.
2. Peroneus brevis m.
3. common fibular nerve
4. Superficial fibular nerve

Question 23

מה מרחב ה
T (טי)
של האחז הפרוקסימלי של
FL
מאפשר?

Answer 23

האחז הפרוקסימלי של ה-
FL
מותיר מרחב טי על עצם
ה-fibula
חופשי מכל אחז.
הזרוע ההוריזונטלית של הטי
נותנת מעבר ל-
common peroneal nerve
הזרוע הוורטיקלית של הטי
נותנת מעבר ל-
superficial peroneal nerve

Question 24

מה המוצא הספינאלי של ה-
superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 24

L4–S1

Question 25

מה מסלול ה- superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 25

1. Passes between the fibula and the proximal part of fibularis longus muscle. 2. then descends deep to the fibularis longus muscle. 3. Between FL & EDL separate by anterior intermuscular septum. 4. It pierces the deep fascia in the distal third of the leg and subsequently divides into the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve.

Question 26

superficial peroneal nerve branches Muscular branches מספקים את ?

Answer 26

1. Fibularis longus m. 2. Fibularis brevis m.

Question 27

superficial peroneal nerve branches : Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot Branches: dorsal digital nerves מספק את?

Answer 27

1. contiguous sides of the third and fourth, and of the fourth and fifth toes (interdigital spaces). 2. It also supplies the skin of the lateral side of the foot and ankle, and communicates with the sural nerve 3. supply the skin of the dorsal surfaces of 3rd 4th and 5th toes (just medial half of the 5th)

Question 27

Deep plan – lateral compartment superficial peroneal nerve branches : Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot Branches: dorsal digital nerves (2 branches) מספקים את?

Answer 27

1. the medial side of the great toe, and the adjacent side of the second and third toes (interdigital space). 2. It also supplies the integument of the medial side of the foot and ankle, and communicates with the saphenous nerve, and with the deep peroneal nerve

Question 27

מי מספק את המדור הלטרלי של הרגל?

Answer 27

למדור הלטרלי אין עורק משלו. הוא מקבל דם מ- branches perforating ומתנקז מה- :שלהם satellite veins החלק הפרוקסימלי מסופק על ידי perforating branches of anterior tibial artery החלק הדיסטלי מסופק על ידי perforating branches of fibular artery.

Question 28

posterior region of the Leg ה- superficial plan מתחת העור מכיל את ה:

Answer 28

1. Great saphenous vein and its branches 2. Small saphenous vein and its branches 3. Superficial lymph vessels 4. Saphenous nerve 5. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve 6. Medial sural cutaneous nerve 7. Sural communicating branch 8. Sural nerve

Question 29

מי נתונים בשכבה כפולה של ה- posterior aponeurosis

Answer 29

medial sural cutaneous N. -ה צמוד ל small saphenous vein שניהם נתונים בשכבה כפולה של posterior aponeurosis העצב עמוק מהווריד ואנטריורי ולטרלי לו

Question 30

posterior region מחולק לשני מדורים :

Answer 30

1. Superficial posterior compartment 2. Deep posterior compartment

Question 31

posterior compartment – superficial lodge אילו שרירים מכיל?

Answer 31

1. Gastrocnemius m. 2. Plantaris m. 3. Soleus m.

Question 32

deep plan - posterior compartment -Transvers intermuscular septum מה הם היחסים האנטומים?

Answer 32

posteriorly : soleus m. Anteriorly : FDL FHL , posterior tibial vasculo-nervous package Medially : medial margin of the tibia Lateraly : lateral margin of the fibula

Question 33

deep plan - posterior compartment – deep lodge אילו סטרוקטורות נמצאות באזור ?

Answer 33

1. Posterior tibial artery & veins 2. Tibial nerve 3. Flexor digitorum longus 4. Flexor hallucis longus 5. Fibular artery & veins 6. Tibialis posterior m.

Question 34

מה הוא מסלול ה- Posterior tibial artery & veins

Answer 34

1. the posterior tibial artery is the larger of the tow tibial arteries. 2. coursing from the inferior margin of the popliteus muscle up to the medial malleolus. 3. under the tendinous arch of the soleus m. the popliteal artery divides into an anterior tibial artery and a tibio peroneal trunk (3 to 4 cm long). 4 .the trunk divides into post tibial & peroneal arteries.

Question 35

Posterior tibial artery & veins יחסים אנטומים

Answer 35

- At the leg, the artery is : post. To TP m; Lat. To FDL, Med. To FHL. - at the distal part of the leg the artery passes behind the tibia and the ankle joint. - In the lower third of the leg, where it is more superficial, it is covered only by the integument and fascia, and runs parallel with the medial border of the tendo calcaneus. - it continues distally deep to the flexor retinaculum, accompanied by, from medial to lateral: TP, FDL tendons, (tibial artery & veins), tibial nerve, FHL tendon -It then traverses the tarsal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum, entering the plantar compartment of the foot. - The tibial nerve crosses the posterior side of the artery’s origin and is located lateral to the artery along its course. - the tibial artery is found posterior to the veins

Question 36

Posterior tibial artery & veins ענף אחרון

Answer 36

The terminal bifurcation of the posterior tibial artery (medial & lateral plantar arteries) is located deep to the abductor hallucis muscle

Question 37

The posterior tibial artery has 10 branches in total מה הם הענפים?

Answer 37

1. circumflex fibular 2. Fibular 3. Nutrient 4. Muscular 5. Perforating 6. Communicating 7. medial malleolar 8. Calcaneal 9. lateral plantar 10. medial plantar arteries

Question 38

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches The circumflex fibular artery מספק את

Answer 38

1. Proximal fibula 2. Soleus m. 3. Knee joint

Question 39

deep plan - posterior compartment – deep lodge Posterior tibial artery & V. branches *fibular artery* מספק את?

Answer 39

The fibular artery arises approximately 2.5 cm after the posterior tibial artery arises, distal to the popliteal muscle (but it may occasionally arise up to 8 cm distal to the popliteus), where it descends along the medial aspect of the fibula

Question 40

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches Nutrient artery of tibia מספק את

Answer 40

arises distally to the circumflex fibular artery. It enters the tibia below the solear line, being the main vessel that supplies this bone. הזנה לעצם הטיביה.

Question 41

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches muscular branches מספקים את ?

Answer 41

1. soleus muscle 2. Popliteus 3. FHL m. 4. FDL m. 5. TP m.

Question 42

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches perforating branches מספקים את ?

Answer 42

skin and fascia of the posterior leg.

Question 43

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches communicating branch

Answer 43

It anastomoses with the communicating branch of the fibular artery. * emerges above the distal end of tibia (post) deep to flexor hallucis longus muscle.

Question 44

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches medial malleolar branches מספקים את ?

Answer 44

Contribute to the medial malleolar vascular network (formed by : medial malleolar, medial tarsal & medial plantar arteries) , via which they supply the skin & the medial structures of the medial aspect of the ankle.

Question 45

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches The calcaneal branches מספקים את ?

Answer 45

1. Contribute to the supply of the calcaneus bone, Achilles tendon, calcaneal bursa, cutaneous tissue of the heel. 2. Supply muscles of the medial part of the sole of the foot. 3. They anastomose with medial malleolar arteries and calcaneal branches of the fibular artery.

Question 46

Posterior tibial artery & V. branches Medial & lateral plantar arteries

Answer 46

The terminal bifurcation of the posterior tibial artery (medial & lateral plantar arteries) is located deep to the abductor hallucis m. in the origin of the sustentaculum tali.

Question 47

מה הוא המקור הספינלי של Tibial nerve

Answer 47

L4-S3

Question 48

The Tibial nerve (L4-S3) מה מסלול העצב ?

Answer 48

oblique inferior medial 1. As the nerve approaches the The distal aspect of the popliteal fossa, it becomes medial to the popliteal vessels and passes deep to heads of the gastrocnemius muscle/ 2. Then it runs below the tendinous arch formed by the heads of the soleus muscle to enter the deep posterior compartment of the leg (in front of the transvers septum) 3.Here it descends on the post. surface of TP muscle, along with the posterior tibial vessels, as a neurovascular bundle 4.It then traverses the tarsal tunnel, deep to the flexor retinaculum, entering the plantar compartment of the foot. 5.The tibial nerve crosses the posterior side of the artery’s origin and is located lateral to the artery along its course.

Question 49

The Tibial nerve (L4-S3) יחסים אנטומים

Answer 49

1. At the leg, the nerve is : post. To TP m; Lat. To FDL, Med. To FHL 2. at the distal part of the leg the nerve passes behind the tibia and the ankle joint. 3. In the lower third of the leg, where it is more superficial, it is covered only by the integument and fascia, and runs parallel with the medial border of the tendo calcaneus.

Question 50

סטרקטורל ממדיאל ללטרל ב- tarsal tunnel

Answer 50

Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior .1 Digitorum longus (flexor) .2 Artery (post. Tibial) .3 Vein (post. Tibial) .4 Nerve (tibial) .5 Hallucis longus (flexor) .

Question 51

The Tibial nerve branches muscular branches מספקים את ?

Answer 51

GC, plantaris, soleus, popliteus mm. TP, FDL, FHL mm.

Question 52

The Tibial nerve branches articular branches מספקים את ?

Answer 52

1. Knee joint 2. Proximal & distal tibiofibular joints 3. Ankle joint

Question 53

The Tibial nerve branches Cutaneous branches (2 br.) מה הם שני הענפים?

Answer 53

1. sural nerve 2.medial laterl calcaneal nerve?

Question 54

sural nerve מה מסלולו?

Answer 54

The sural nerve passes between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus and into the foot. Here, it gives rise to lateral calcaneal branches and the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve which provide cutaneous innervation to the lower posterolateral surface of the leg and the lateral side of the foot and little toe. Supply : Cutaneous innervation to the posterior and  lateral aspect of the leg and ankle Cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of  the foot

Question 55

medial calcaneal nerve

Answer 55

arises from the tibial nerve close to the ankle and runs onto the medial aspect of the calcaneus. Supply : The skin on the medial surface and sole of the  heel.