الحقبة الإستعمارية Flashcards
ـــــــــــــــ, the last Sapa Inca became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother ــــــــــــــــ in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, ــــــــــــــ.
Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother Huascar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac.
In ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ, a party of conquistadors led by ـــــــــــــــــــــ defeated and captured the ــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــ in the Battle of ـــــــــــــــــــــ.
In December 1532, a party of conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro defeated and captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa in the Battle of Cajamarca.
Lima, which became known as ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Lima, which became known as “The City of Kings”
The last Inca resistance was suppressed when the Spaniards annihilated the ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ in ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ in ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ.
The last Inca resistance was suppressed when the Spaniards annihilated the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba in 1572.
The indigenous population dramatically collapsed principally due to ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ introduced by the Spanish.[24] Exploitation and socioeconomic change also contributed to the collapse
The indigenous population dramatically collapsed principally due to epidemic diseases introduced by the Spanish.[24] Exploitation and socioeconomic change also contributed to the collapse
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ reorganized the country in the ـــــــــــــــــــــ with gold and silver mining as its main economic activity and ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ forced labor as its primary workforce
Viceroy Francisco de Toledo reorganized the country in the 1570s with gold and silver mining as its main economic activity and Amerindian forced labor as its primary workforce
With the discovery of the great silver and gold lodes at ـــــــــــــــــــــ (present-day Bolivia) and ـــــــــــــــــــــ, the viceroyalty flourished as an important provider of mineral resources
With the discovery of the great silver and gold lodes at Potosí (present-day Bolivia) and Huancavelica, the viceroyalty flourished as an important provider of mineral resources
Because of ـــــــــــــــــــــ, African slaves were added to the labor population.
Because of lack of available work force, African slaves were added to the labor population.
With the conquest started the spread of Christianity in South America; most people were forcefully converted to Catholicism, taking only a ـــــــــــــــــــــ to convert the population.
With the conquest started the spread of Christianity in South America; most people were forcefully converted to Catholicism, taking only a generation to convert the population.
They built churches in every city and replaced some of the Inca temples with churches, such as the ـــــــــــــــــــــ in the city of Cusco.
They built churches in every city and replaced some of the Inca temples with churches, such as the Coricancha in the city of Cusco.
The church employed the ـــــــــــــــــــــ, making use of torture to ensure that newly converted Catholics did not stray to other religions or beliefs. Peruvian Catholicism follows the ـــــــــــــــــــــ found in many Latin American countries, in which religious native rituals have been integrated with Christian celebrations.
The church employed the Inquisition, making use of torture to ensure that newly converted Catholics did not stray to other religions or beliefs. Peruvian Catholicism follows the syncretism found in many Latin American countries, in which religious native rituals have been integrated with Christian celebrations.
By the 18th century, declining silver production and economic diversification greatly diminished royal income.[28] In response, the Crown enacted the ـــــــــــــــــــــ, a series of edicts that increased taxes and partitioned the Viceroyalty.[29] The new laws provoked Túpac Amaru II’s rebellion and other revolts, all of which were suppressed.
By the 18th century, declining silver production and economic diversification greatly diminished royal income.[28] In response, the Crown enacted the Bourbon Reforms, a series of edicts that increased taxes and partitioned the Viceroyalty.[29] The new laws provoked Túpac Amaru II’s rebellion and other revolts, all of which were suppressed.
As a result of these and other changes, the Spaniards and their creole successors came to monopolize control over the land, seizing many of the best lands abandoned by the massive ـــــــــــــــــــــ.
As a result of these and other changes, the Spaniards and their creole successors came to monopolize control over the land, seizing many of the best lands abandoned by the massive native depopulation.
However, the Spanish did not resist the Portuguese expansion of Brazil across the ـــــــــــــــــــــ The treaty of. ـــــــــــــــــــــ was rendered meaningless between ـــــــــــــــــــــ and ـــــــــــــــــــــ while Spain controlled Portugal.
However, the Spanish did not resist the Portuguese expansion of Brazil across the meridian. The Treaty of Tordesillas was rendered meaningless between 1580 and 1640 while Spain controlled Portugal.
The need to ease communication and trade with Spain led to the split of the viceroyalty and the creation of new viceroyalties of ـــــــــــــــــــــ and ـــــــــــــــــــــ at the expense of the territories that formed the viceroyalty of Peru; this reduced the power, prominence and importance of Lima as the viceroyal capital and shifted the lucrative Andean trade to ـــــــــــــــــــــ and ـــــــــــــــــــــ, while the fall of the mining and textile production accelerated the progressive decay of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
The need to ease communication and trade with Spain led to the split of the viceroyalty and the creation of new viceroyalties of New Granada and Rio de la Plata at the expense of the territories that formed the viceroyalty of Peru; this reduced the power, prominence and importance of Lima as the viceroyal capital and shifted the lucrative Andean trade to Buenos Aires and Bogotá, while the fall of the mining and textile production accelerated the progressive decay of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
