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Question 1

The earliest evidences of human presence in Peruvian territory have been dated to approximately ــــــــ

Answer 1

9,000 BC

Question 2

Andean societies were based on ـــــــــ, using techniques such as ـــــــــــــــ andــــــــــــ; ـــــــــــــ was also important

Answer 2

agriculture
irrigation
terracing
fishing

Question 3

Organization in old cultures relied on ______ and ______ because these societies had no notion of market or money.

Answer 3

reciprocity and redistribution

Question 4

The oldest known complex society in Peru, _________, flourished along the coast of the Pacific Ocean between ______ and ________ BC

Answer 4

the Norte Chico civilization

3,000 and 1,800

Question 5

The ________ culture which flourished from around 1000 to 200 BC[17] along what is now Peru’s Pacific Coast was an example of early pre-Incan culture.

Answer 5

Cupisnique culture

Question 6

The ______ culture that developed from 1500 to 300 BC was probably more of a religious than a political phenomenon, with their religious centre in Chavin de Huantar.

Answer 6

Chavín culture

Question 7

After the decline of the Chavin culture around the beginning of the Christian millennium, a series of localized and specialized cultures rose and fell, both on the coast and in the highlands, during the next thousand years. On the coast, these included the civilizations of the _______, _______, _______, and the more outstanding _______ and ______

Answer 7

Paracas, Nazca, Wari

Chimu and Mochica

Question 8

The _______, who reached their apogee in the first millennium AD, were renowned for their irrigation system which fertilized their arid terrain, their sophisticated ceramic pottery, their lofty buildings, and clever metalwork.

Answer 8

Mochica culture

Question 9

The______ were the great city builders of pre-Inca civilization; as loose confederation of cities scattered along the coast of northern Peru and southern Ecuador, the Chimu flourished from about _____ to _____

Answer 9

Chimu

1150 to 1450

Question 10

The Chimu capital was at ______ outside of modern-day Trujillo.

Answer 10

Chan Chan

Question 11

In the highlands, both the _______ culture, near Lake Titicaca in both Peru and Bolivia, and the _______ culture, near the present-day city of Ayacucho, developed large urban settlements and wide-ranging state systems between ____ and _____ AD

Answer 11

Tiahuanaco
Wari
500 & 1000

Question 12

In the_____ century, the Incas emerged as a powerful state which, in the span of a century, formed the largest empire in pre-Columbian America with their capital in Cusco.

Answer 12

15th

Question 13

The Incas of Cusco originally represented one of the small and relatively minor ethnic groups, the_______.

Answer 13

Quechuas

Question 14

Gradually, as early as the thirteenth century, they began to expand and incorporate their neighbors. Inca expansion was slow until about the middle of the fifteenth century, when the pace of conquest began to accelerate, particularly under the rule of the great emperor________.

Answer 14

Pachacuti

Question 15

Under_______ rule and that of his son, ______i, the Incas came to control most of the Andean region, with a population of 9 to 16 million inhabitants under their rule.

Answer 15

Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqu

Question 16

Pachacuti also promulgated a comprehensive code of laws to govern his far-flung empire, while consolidating his absolute temporal and spiritual authority as the ________ who ruled from a magnificently rebuilt Cusco.

Answer 16

God of the Sun

Question 17

From _____ to______, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, from southern Colombia to Chile, between the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Amazon rainforest in the east.

Answer 17

1438 to 1533

Question 18

The official language of the empire was_______, although hundreds of local languages and dialects were spoken.

Answer 18

Quechua

Question 19

The Inca referred to their empire as_______ which can be translated as “The Four Regions” or “The Four United Provinces.”

Answer 19

Tawantinsuyu

Question 20

Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred_____, but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of____, the sun god and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of______

Answer 20

Huacas
Inti
Pachamama

Question 21

The Incas considered their King, the Sapa Inca, to be the “_________.”

Answer 21

child of the sun