جلسه ۴ Flashcards

(216 cards)

1
Q

dacry = dacryo = lacrimal

A

relating to tears — مربوط به اشک، اشکی

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2
Q

dacryoadenectomy

A

excision of a lacrimal gland — برداشتن غده ی اشکی

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3
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal sac — التهاب کیسه ی اشک

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4
Q

dacryostenosis

A

narrowing of the lacrimal duct — تنگ شدن مجرای اشک

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5
Q

dacryocyst

A

lacrimal sac — کیسه ی اشک

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6
Q

dactyl= dactylo

A

= finger ،toe

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7
Q

dactylography

A

the scientific study of fingerprints as a means of identification — انگشت‌نگاری

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8
Q

-dactvlous= -dactyly= condition of having many fingers or toes

A

having a specified number of digits — داشتن تعداد معینی انگشت

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9
Q

polydactylous = polydactyly

A

having more than the normal number of toes or fingers — داشتن بیش از تعداد طبیعی انگشتان (دست یا پا)، بیش‌انگشتی

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10
Q

brachydactylous

A

having abnormally short digits — داشتن انگشتان کوتاه تر از حد طبیعی

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11
Q

adactylous

A

being without fingers or toes — بی‌انگشت

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12
Q

oligodactyly = oligodactylism

A

the presence of fewer than five digits on a hand or foot — حضور کمتر از پنج انگشت روی دست یا پا، کم‌انگشتی

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13
Q

dent= denti= dento= tooth

A

a hard calcareous structure in the jaws of most vertebrates used for seizing

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14
Q

dental

A

relating to the teeth — دندانی

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15
Q

dentist

A

a person qualified to treat diseases and conditions affecting the teeth and gums

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16
Q

dentistry

A

the professional care of teeth and gums — دندانپزشکی

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17
Q

dentifrice

A

a powder

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18
Q

dentition

A

the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth — دندان‌بندی، رویش دندان

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19
Q

dentofacial

A

relating to the teeth and face — دندانی-صورتی

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20
Q

dentoalveolar

A

relating or involving the teeth and their sockets — مربوط به دندان و حفره دندانی

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21
Q

dentogingival

A

relating to the teeth and gums — مربوط به دندان و لثه

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22
Q

dentulous

A

having teeth — دندان‌دار

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23
Q

denture

A

a removable plate or frame holding artificial teeth

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24
Q

derm=derma= dermo=dermat= dermato = skin

A

the thin outer covering of the body — پوست

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25
dermal
relating to the skin — پوستی
26
dermatitis
a condition of the skin in which it becomes red
27
dermatoid
resembling skin — پوست‌مانند
28
dermatoplasty
plastic surgery of the skin — جراحی پلاستیک پوست
29
dermatosis
a general term for a skin disease — بیماری پوستی
30
dermatotherapy
the treatment of skin diseases — درمان بیماری‌های پوست
31
dermopathy
any disease of the skin — بیماری پوستی
32
-derm
skin — پوست
33
epiderm = epidermis
the outer layer of cells covering an organism
34
dermis
the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin
35
dermia
a skin condition — وضعیت پوستی، بیماری پوستی
36
keratodermia
a thickening of the skin
37
Front
Back
38
desm = desmo = connective tissue
connective tissue — بافت همبند
39
desmoid
a dense benign connective-tissue tumor — نوعی تومور خوش‌خیم متراکم در بافت همبند
40
desmoplasia
formation of fibrous connective tissue — تشکیل بافت همبند فیبری
41
dextr= dextro = right
toward the right
42
dextrocardia
an abnormal condition in which the heart is situated on the right side — قرارگیری غیرطبیعی قلب در سمت راست
43
dextrocular
using the right eye habitually or more effectively than the left — استفاده غالب یا کارآمدتر از چشم راست
44
dextroversion
movement or turning to the right (as of the eyes) — چرخش به راست (مانند چشم‌ها)
45
di = twice
double
46
duoden = duodeno = duodenum
duodenal
47
duodenitis
inflammation of the duodenum — التهاب دوازدهه
48
duodenal ulcer
a peptic ulcer situated in the duodenum — زخم دوازدهه
49
duodenojejunal
relating to duodenum and jejunum — مربوط به دوازدهه و ژژنوم
50
duodenotomy
incision of the duodenum — برش دوازدهه
51
dynamia
strength — قدرت، توان
52
adynamia
loss of strength because of disease — ضعف یا از دست دادن نیرو به دلیل بیماری
53
dys. = abnormal
difficult
54
dysergia
lack of muscular coordination — عدم هماهنگی عضلانی
55
dysesthesia
impairment of sensitivity to touch — اختلال در حس لامسه
56
dysfunction
impaired or abnormal functioning — اختلال عملکرد
57
dyslexia
a disturbance of the ability to read — اختلال در خواندن
58
dyspepsia
indigestion — سوء هاضمه
59
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing — دشواری در بلع
60
dysosmia
dysfunction of the sense of smell — اختلال در حس بویایی
61
dysphoria
a state of feeling unwell or unhappy — احساس ناخوشی یا ناراحتی
62
dyspnea
difficult or labored respiration — تنگی نفس، تنفس دشوار
63
dysrhythmia
an abnormal rhythm — ریتم غیرطبیعی
64
dystonia
a state of disordered tonicity of tissues — اختلال در تونیسیته بافت‌ها
65
dysuria
difficult or painful discharge of urine — دفع دشوار یا دردناک ادرار
66
dystrophy
a condition produced by faulty nutrition
67
dental dystrophy
mottled teeth (due to water with high fluorine concentration) — دیستروفی دندانی، دندان‌های لکه‌دار (ناشی از آب با غلظت بالای فلورین)
68
Front
Back
69
e = missing
absent
70
edentulous
toothless — بی‌دندان
71
ec. = out of
outside of
72
ecto = ect = outside
outer; outside — بیرونی، خارج
73
ectad
towards the outside — به سمت خارج
74
ectal
situated in an outer position — واقع در موقعیت بیرونی، بیرونی
75
ectoenzyme
an enzyme acting outside the cell — آنزیم خارج سلولی
76
ectoparasite
a parasite that lives on the exterior of its host — انگل خارجی
77
ectomy = surgical
removal-
78
gastrectomy
surgical removal of part or all of the stomach — برداشتن بخشی یا تمام معده
79
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix — برداشتن آپاندیس
80
mastectomy
surgical excision of a mammary gland — برداشتن غده پستانی
81
ectro= congenitally absent
congenitally absent — فقدان مادرزادی
82
ectrodactyly (dactylia)
congenital complete or partial absence of one or more digits — فقدان مادرزادی کامل یا جزئی یک یا چند انگشت
83
ectromelia
congenital absence or imperfection of one or more limbs — فقدان مادرزادی یا نقص یک یا چند اندام
84
embry = embryo = embryon = embryoni = embryo
embryo — جنین
85
embryogenesis
the formation and development of the embryo — جنین‌زایی، تشکیل و تکامل جنین
86
embryoma
a tumor derived from embryonic structures — تومور مشتق از ساختارهای جنینی
87
embryopathy
a developmental abnormality of an embryo — جنین‌بیماری، ناهنجاری تکاملی جنین
88
embryotoxic
being toxic to embryos — جنین‌زهر، سمی برای جنین
89
embryol = embryology
the branch of biology and medicine concerned with embryos and their development — جنین‌شناسی
90
(embryologist)
(جنین‌شناس)
91
Front
Back
92
emia = condition of having such blood-
blood condition — وضعیت خون
93
condition of having a specified thing in the blood
presence of a specified substance in the blood — وجود ماده‌ای خاص در خون
94
leukemia
abnormal increase of white blood cells — افزایش غیرطبیعی گلبول‌های سفید خون
95
septicemia
invasion of bloodstream by micro-organisms — عفونت خون، ورود میکروارگانیسم‌ها به جریان خون
96
cholemia
the presence of excess bile in the blood — وجود صفرا بیش از حد در خون
97
uremia
accumulation in the blood of constituents normally eliminated in the urine that produces a severe toxic condition — اورمی، تجمع مواد دفعی ادرار در خون و ایجاد سمیت شدید
98
encephal = encephalo = brain
relating or affecting brain
99
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain — التهاب مغز
100
encephalogram
a recording of the electrical activity of the brain — نوار مغزی
101
encephalomalacia
softening of the brain due to degenerative changes in nervous tissue — نرم شدن مغز ناشی از تغییرات تخریبی در بافت عصبی
102
encephalomyelitis
concurrent inflammation of the brain and spinal cord — التهاب همزمان مغز و نخاع
103
encephalomyelopathy
any disease that affects the brain and spinal cord — بیماری مغز و نخاع
104
encephalopathy = encephalosis
a disease of the brain — بیماری مغزی
105
encephalia = - encephalus =- encephaly = condition of having such a brain-
brain condition — وضعیت مغز
106
anencephalia = anencephaly
congenital absence of all or a major part of the brain — آنانسفالی، فقدان مادرزادی تمام یا بخش عمده‌ای از مغز
107
hydrencephalus = hydrencephaly = hydrocephaly
enlargement of the skull and forehead and atrophy of brain due to an increase (abnormal) in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid — هیدروسفالی، بزرگ شدن جمجمه و پیشانی و آتروفی مغز ناشی از افزایش غیرطبیعی مایع مغزی-نخاعی
108
micrencephaly
the condition of having an abnormally small brain — میکروسفالی، کوچک بودن غیرطبیعی مغز
109
end = endo = within
inside
110
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened — برداشتن لایه داخلی ضخیم شده شریان با جراحی
111
(endo) endarteritis
inflammation of the intima of one or more arteries — التهاب لایه داخلی یک یا چند شریان
112
endobronchial
located within a bronchus — درون برونش
113
endocrine
secreting internally — درون‌ریز
114
endocellular = intracellular
within a cell — درون سلولی
115
endogenous
growing from or on the inside
116
endothermic
taking in heat; absorption of heat — گرماگیر، جذب گرما
117
endotoxin
a toxin of internal origin; a poisonous substance present in bacteria — اندوتوکسین، سم داخلی؛ ماده سمی موجود در باکتری‌ها
118
Front
Back
119
enter= entero = intestine
intestinal
120
enteralgia
pain in the intestines — درد روده
121
enterectomy
surgical removal of a portion of the intestine — برداشتن بخشی از روده با جراحی
122
enteral = enteric
relating to or affecting the intestine — روده‌ای، مربوط به روده
123
enteritis
inflammation of the intestine — التهاب روده
124
enterocolitis
enteritis affecting both the large and small intestine — التهاب روده بزرگ و کوچک
125
enterogenous
originating within the intestine — با منشاء روده‌ای
126
enterohepatic
involving the intestine and the liver — روده‌ای-کبدی
127
enteropathy
a disease of the intestinal tract — بیماری روده
128
enterorrhagia
bleeding from the intestine — خونریزی روده
129
epi = ep = upon
besides
130
epiboly
the growth of one part about another — رشد یک قسمت بر روی قسمت دیگر
131
epidermis
the outer epithelial layer of the skin — روپوست، لایه خارجی پوست
132
epigastric
lying upon or over the stomach — بالای معده، ناحیه فوقانی شکم
133
epibulbar
situated upon the eyeball — روی کره چشم
134
ergic = allergic
showing an exaggerated or pathological reaction to a substance or physical stimuli — آلرژیک، حساسیت بیش از حد
135
hyperergic
a greater than normal sensitivity to an allergen — حساسیت بیش از حد به آلرژن
136
hypoergic
a less than normal sensitivity — حساسیت کمتر از حد نرمال
137
normergic
exhibiting a normal degree of reactivity to an antigen — واکنش نرمال به آنتی‌ژن
138
ergic = exhibiting or stimulating activity
relating to or characterized by activity or work — مربوط به فعالیت یا تحریک فعالیت
139
adrenergic
relating to or denoting nerve fibres that release norepinephrine or noradrenaline in synapses — آدرنرژیک
140
dopaminergic
relating to or denoting nerve fibres that release dopamine in synapses — دوپامینرژیک
141
erythr = erythro = red
erythrocyte
142
erythrocyte
red blood cell — گلبول قرمز
143
erythrocytopenia = erythropenia
deficiency of red blood cells — کمبود گلبول‌های قرمز
144
erythrocytorrhexis
rupture of a red blood cell — پارگی گلبول قرمز
145
erythropoiesis
the production of red blood cells — خون‌سازی، تولید گلبول‌های قرمز
146
erythropsia
a visual disturbance in which all objects appear reddish — اریتروپسیا، دیدن همه چیز به رنگ قرمز
147
erythrocytosis
an increase in the number of circulating red blood cells resulting from a known stimulus — افزایش تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز خون
148
Front
Back
149
esophag= esophago= oesophag= oesophago = esophagus
esophagus — مری
150
esophageal
relating to the esophagus — مربوط به مری
151
esophagectomy
excision of part of the esophagus — برداشتن بخشی از مری با جراحی
152
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus — التهاب مری
153
esophagogastrectomy
excision of part of the esophagus and the stomach — برداشتن بخشی از مری و معده با جراحی
154
esophagoplasty
plastic surgery for the repair or reconstruction of the esophagus — جراحی ترمیمی یا بازسازی مری
155
esthesio = aesthesio = sensation
sensation; feeling — حس، احساس
156
esthesiophysiology
the physiology of sensation and sense organs — فیزیولوژی حس و اندام‌های حسی
157
etio= aetio = cause
cause — علت
158
formed by chemical degradation of specified compound
formed by chemical breakdown — تشکیل شده توسط تجزیه شیمیایی
159
etiolate
to make pale and sickly — رنگ پریده و بیمار کردن
160
etiology
the cause or set of causes of a disease or condition — سبب‌شناسی، علت بیماری
161
science dealing with the causes and origin of diseases
the study of the causes or origins of diseases — مطالعه علل و منشاء بیماری‌ها
162
etiopathogenesis
the cause and development of a disease or abnormal condition — سبب‌زایی بیماری، علت و روند پیشرفت بیماری
163
etiocholanolone
a testosterone metabolite that occurs in urine — اتیوکلانولون، متابولیت تستوسترون موجود در ادرار
164
eu = well
good
165
eugenics
the study of how to arrange reproduction within a human population to increase the occurrence of heritable characteristics regarded as desirable — علم اصلاح نژاد
166
euglycemia
a normal level of sugar in the blood — قند خون طبیعی
167
eupepsia
good digestion — هضم خوب
168
euphoria
a feeling of great happiness and well-being — سرخوشی، احساس شادمانی و سلامت
169
eupnea = eupnoea
normal respiration — تنفس طبیعی
170
eus= muscle that constitutes
has the form of
171
gluteus
any of three large muscles of the buttocks — هر یک از سه عضله بزرگ باسن
172
rhomboideus
a rhomboid-shaped muscle connecting the shoulder blade with the vertebral column — عضله لوزی شکل متصل کننده کتف به ستون فقرات
173
iliococcygeus
part of the levator ani muscle that arises from the ischial spine and is inserted into the coccyx — عضله ایلئوکسیژیوس، بخشی از عضله لواتور آنی متصل به استخوان نشیمنگاه و دنبالچه
174
exo = ex = outside
outer
175
extra = outside
beyond
176
extro = outside
outward
177
exoenzyme
an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell — آنزیم خارج سلولی
178
exoskeleton
an external covering or integument
179
exophthalmos (exophthalmia)
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball — بیرون‌زدگی غیرطبیعی چشم
180
extraembryonic
situated outside the embryo — خارج جنینی
181
extrahepatic
situated or originating outside the liver — خارج کبدی
182
extrauterine
situated or occurring outside the uterus — خارج رحمی
183
extrovert
an outgoing
184
Front
Back
185
facient = making
causing
186
abortifacient
inducing abortion — سقط‌کننده
187
rubefacient
a substance that causes redness of skin — سرخ‌کننده
188
facio = facial
face — صورت، مربوط به صورت
189
feto = feti = fetus
fetus — جنین، مربوط به جنین
190
feticide
killing a fetus — جنین‌کشی
191
fili= filo = thread
thread-like — نخ مانند، رشته
192
filiform
thread-like — رشته‌ای شکل
193
-form = in the form or shape of (resembling)
having the form of — به شکل، شبیه به
194
fungi = fungus
fungus — قارچ
195
fungicide
a substance that kills fungi — قارچ‌کش
196
femoro = femoral
femur; thigh — استخوان ران، مربوط به استخوان ران
197
fore = occurring earlier
in front
198
forearm
the part of the arm between the elbow and the wrist — ساعد
199
forehead
the part of the face above the eyes — پیشانی
200
foremilk
the first milk expressed from the breast at the start of a feeding — آغوز، شیر اولیه
201
forefinger
the finger next to the thumb — انگشت اشاره
202
gastr = gastro = gastri = belly
stomach
203
gastritis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach — التهاب معده
204
gastroenteric = gastrointestinal
relating to the stomach and intestines — معدی-روده‌ای
205
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines — التهاب معده و روده
206
gastroenteropathy
disease of the stomach and intestines — بیماری معده و روده
207
gastrogenic
originating in the stomach — با منشاء معده
208
gastropathy
disease of the stomach — بیماری معده
209
gastrophrenic
relating to the stomach and diaphragm — معدی-دیافراگمی
210
gastroparesis
partial paralysis of the stomach — فلج جزئی معده
211
-gen = producer
that which produces — تولید کننده، عامل ایجاد کننده
212
allergen
a substance that causes an allergic reaction — آلرژن، ماده حساسیت‌زا
213
carcinogen
a substance capable of causing cancer — کارسینوژن، ماده سرطان‌زا
214
-genic = producing
forming
215
carcinogenic
having the potential to cause cancer — سرطان‌زا
216
nephrogenic
originating in the kidney — منشاء گرفته از کلیه