其他單字 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
dubious
A
dubious [ˈdubɪəs]
(a) 可疑的
(MW) giving rise to uncertainty: of doubtful promise or outcome < a dubious plan >
[源] duo- (two) ，“兩方意見”無法決定，所以 “不確定”、“懷疑的”。
[例] Some critics of the GRE contend the test is of dubious worth.
[解] dubious, ambiguous, equivocal 都有 “二、相等”的字根在其中，字義也都有“模糊”、“不確 定”、“懷疑”的意涵，要一起記。
2
Q
dubious
honor/distinction
(of doing sth.)
A
dubious honor/distinction (of doing sth.) (phr)
不光彩/光榮
(AL) usedironically inphrases like dubious honorand dubious distinction to describesomething bad or undesirable as if it were an honor orachievement
[例] We hadthe dubious distinction oflosing 12 games in a row.
[例] He is the lawyer with the dubious honor of having lost the most cases in the firm.
[例] It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobodywould think of denying, that Romeo at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristicsof maturity.
[解] 注意 honor/distinction/pleasure 為正面，dubious (可疑的，不確定的) 為負面，可以看做 “正負抵消”，其後直接加敘述即可。此片語整體而言是“嘲諷” 的用法，後面接 “實際上不光榮/不傑出/不愉快的事物”。在 PPII 考出此題，看不懂 dubious distinction 的同學選不出答案 (應在 maturity, inventiveness 中二選一) 。值得注意的是新 GRE 對 “片語” (之前也考過 shrug off) 的關注。
3
Q
indubitable
A
indubitable [ɪnˈdjubɪtəbəl]
(a) 無庸置疑的 (確切的)
(MW1) certainly true: notable to be doubted
(MW2) too evident to be doubted:UNQUESTIONABLE
[源] in- (not) +dubit- (doubt) + -able (形尾) ，無法懷疑的 (明顯到不需要懷疑) 。
[例] the indubitable fact that there are no morewoolly mammoths or saber-toothedtigers around
4
Q
relinquish
A
relinquish [rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ]
(v) 放棄
(MW) to give over possessionor control of: YIELD <few leaderswillingly relinquish power >
[源] re- (back) + linqu- (leave) + -ish(動尾) ，留下不要了即 “放棄”。
[例] Once you get usedto fringebenefits like expense-accountmeals and a company car,it’s very hard torelinquish them.
[解] 通常指 “放棄” 權力、地位，另一個 “放棄” (與王位並用) 的字是 abdicate(one’s throne) 。
5
Q
jar
A
jar [dʒɑr]
(v) 發出吵雜聲
(MW) to makea harsh or discordant sound
[源] 從吵雜聲擬聲而來，引申為“造成不舒服的影響”
[衍] jarrin [ˈdʒɑrɪŋ] (a) “吵雜的”。
[例] The loudmusic jarred on my ears.
[解] 名詞 jar 是寬口的罐子 (如下圖) 。當動詞指“發出不和諧的吵雜聲”，也可引申為 “意見不 合”，想像意見不合吵架時會摔東西發出吵雜的聲音 (把 jar 給摔了就發出 jar 的聲音) 。 另一個發出難聽聲音的 GRE 單字是：grate [gret] (v) to cause to make a rasping sound。 “聲音優美的” 是 dulcet [ˈdʌlsɪt] , euphonious [juˈfonɪəs] (反義字為 cacophonous [kæˈkɑfənəs] ) ， 注意 euphonious 有 i，而 cacophonous 無 i。
6
Q
galvanize
A
galvanize [ˈgælvəˌnaɪz]
(v) 對…產生劇烈影響
(MW1) to cause (people) to become so excited or concerned about an issue,idea, etc., that they want to do somethingabout it
(MW2) to stimulate or excite as ifby an electric shock <an issuethat would galvanize public opinion >
[源] 從義大利科學家 Galvani 的青蛙實驗來，他將電流通過蛙腿，發現能夠刺激肌肉收縮。此字 指 “用電流通過以刺激”，引申為對某事物像通過電流般的 “劇烈影響”。
[衍] galvanization [ˌgælvənɪˈzeʃən] (n) “產生巨大影響”。
[例] The groupis hoping to galvanize public opinion againstthe proposed law.
7
Q
ambivalence
A
ambivalence [æmˈbɪvələns]
(n) 同時存在的矛盾情感 (如又愛又恨)
(MW) simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (as attraction and repulsion) toward an object,person, or action
[衍] ambivalent [æmˈbɪvələnt] (a) “情感矛盾的”。
8
Q
gratify
A
gratify [ˈgrætəˌfaɪ]
(v) 使滿足
(MW) to be asource of or give pleasure orsatisfaction to <it gratified him to have his wifewear jewels >
[源] gra- (please) + -fy (make) ，“使高興”。
[例] Lori’s parents were gratified by her successful performance on the GRE.
[記] 用 satisfy 來記 gratify。
9
Q
abeyance
A
abeyance [əˈbeəns]
(n) 暫停
(MW) temporary inactivity: SUSPENSION
[源] 原為法律用語，指 “物品的所有權歸屬未定”，後引申為 “暫時擱置”。
[例] The deal was held in abeyanceuntil his arrival.
[解] 固定用法是 in abeyance，表示 “暫時擱置”的意思，動詞常用 hold。注意另一個 “擱置”(英 式用法) 的動詞是 table(v) to remove (as a parliamentary motion) from consideration indefinitely。 motion “提議”，指議會對某議案擱置不討論，如 The investigation was tabledfor reasonsunknown.
10
Q
agenda
A
agenda [əˈdʒɛndə]
(n) 內心企圖
(MW) an underlying often ideological plan or program < a political agenda >
[源] ag- (= act, do) ，“做”，開會討論將來要 “做” 的事，內心想 “做” 的事。
[例] He wantsto push his own agenda no matter what the others say.
[例] She had no hidden agenda. (= She didn’t havea secret plan.)
[解] 這裡不是原意 “議程”，而指通常隱藏不說的 “企圖”，hidden agenda (別有企圖) 。
11
Q
precarious
A
precarious [prɪˈkɛrɪəs]
(a) 危險的 (= dangerous)
(MW1) not safe,strong, or steady
(MW2) characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger
[源] prec- 從 pray 來，原意指 obtained by askingor praying，引申為dependent on the will of another，因為不自主所以有 “不確定的”、“危險的” 意涵。
[例] The strong wind almost knockedhim offof his precarious perch (座位) on the edgeof the cliff.
12
Q
ramification
A
ramification [ˌræməfəˈkeʃən]
(n) (某事) 帶來的後果 (=consequence)
(MW1) somethingthat is the result of anaction, decision, etc.
(MW2) CONSEQUENCE, OUTGROWTH <the ramifications of the decision >
[解] 此字多用複數。
13
Q
implode
A
implode [ɪmˈplod]
(v) 迅速崩解
(MW) to break downor fall apart from within: SELF-DESTRUCT <the firm imploded from greedand factionalism >
[源] 原意是 “向內塌陷”，引申為國家或組織的 “迅速崩解”，如前蘇聯。
[衍] implosion [ɪmˈploʒən] (n) “迅速崩解”。
[例] Hewarns that the nation’s economy is about to implodeunder the weight of its debt.
[形] explode [ɪkˈsplod] (v) “爆炸”。
14
Q
salubrious
A
salubrious [səˈlubrɪəs]
(a) 有益健康的 (= healthful)
(MW) favorable toor promoting health orwell-being: HEALTHFUL <salubrious habits >
[源] salu- (health) + -br- + -i- (膠水) + -ous (形尾) ，“有益健康的”。
[例] Many peoplewith hay fever move to more salubrious sections of thecountry during the monthsofAugust and September.
[解] 注意 healthful (有益健康的) 是 “因”，如healthful living habits (有益健康的生活習慣) ，才能得到 healthy (健康的) 的 “果”，如 healthy body (健康的身體) 。
15
Q
dolorous
A
dolorous [ˈdolərəs]
(a) 悲傷的
(MW) causing, markedby,or expressing misery or grief
[衍] dolo [ˈdolɚ] (n) “悲傷”。
[記] 人生的色彩 (color) 被 d 掉了變 dolor，所以很 “悲傷”。
16
Q
solicitude
A
solicitude [səˈlɪsəˌtjud]
(n) 既關心又憂慮
(MW) the stateof being concernedand anxious
[源] solicit 字源最早是 to disturb, trouble，後演變為 “既關心又焦慮”。
[衍] solicitous [səˈlɪsɪtəs] (a) “關心又憂慮的”。
[例] The employer wasverysolicitous about the healthof her employees as replacements were difficult toget.
[解] 特別注意和 solitude“孤獨” 不要搞混 (記法：solitude 沒有ci (see) ，因為看不到你，所以我很 孤獨) 。形容詞solicitous 很常見，通常指 “父母對子女那種既關心又焦慮的關懷”。
17
Q
pugnacious
A
pugnacious [pʌɡˈneʃəs]
(a) 好鬥的
(MW) having a quarrelsome or combativenature: TRUCULENT, BELLIGERENT
[源] pug- (fist) + -na- + -ci- + -ous(形尾) ，拳頭表示 “攻擊”、“打鬥”。
[衍] pugnacity [pʌgˈnæsətɪ] (n) “好鬥”。
[例] “Put upyour dukes!” he cried, making a fist to show hispugnacity.
[解] 諧音 “胖哥奶昔” 在打架，字根 pug- (fist) 還有 pugilist “拳擊手” (boxer) ，pugilism “拳擊” (boxing) ，同義字：truculent, belligerent 亦是重要的GRE單字，都是 “好鬥的” (fighting, combative) 。belligerent 另有 “交戰的” <belligerent nations >，或當名詞做 “交戰國” 的意思 <belligerents in World WarII >。字根 belli- (fight) 還有 bellicose(a) favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars: BELLIGERENT。 補充：putup your dukes (phr) put upyour fists and prepareto fight。
18
Q
dismantle
A
dismantle [dɪsˈmæntəl]
(v) 分解、拆解
(MW) to taketo pieces; also: to destroythe integrity (完整性) or functioning of
[源] dis- (away) + mantle (cloak) ，脫下斗篷所以 “拆除”，原指軍事上的拆除堡壘，後泛指 “破壞某 物的完整性”、“拆卸”。
[衍] dismantlement [dɪsˈmæntəlmənt] (n) “拆解”。
[例] When the show closed,they dismantled the scenery beforestoring it.
19
Q
embellish
A
embellish [ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ]
(v) 美化 (= beautify)
(MW1) to decorate (something) by adding special detailsand features: to make (something) more appealingor attractive
(MW2) to makebeautiful with ornamentation: DECORATE <a book embellished with illustrations >
[源] em- (en: make) + bel- (beautiful) ，“使美麗”，相當於 beautify (美化) 。
[衍] embellishment [ɪmˈbɛlɪʃmənt] (n) “美化”。
[例] He embellished his speech with a fewquotations.
[解] 除了字面上的 “美化”、“裝扮” 之外，在寫作上 embellish 翻作 “修辭”。
20
Q
construe
A
construe [kənˈstru]
(v) 視為
(MW) to understand or explain the senseor intentionof usually in a particularwayor with respect to a givenset of circumstances <construed my actionsas hostile >
[源] 和 construct 同源，con- (together) + struct (pile up) ，把材料堆在一起是 “建築”，把文字堆在一起來是 “理解”。
[反] misconstrue [ˈmɪskənˈstru] (v) “誤認為是”。固定用法是 construe/misconstrue A as B。 misconstrue Aas B = mistake A for B。
[例] If I construeyour remarks correctly, you disagree with the theoryalready advanced.
21
Q
euphemism
A
euphemism [ˈjufəˌmɪzəm]
(n) 委婉語
(MW) the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggestsomething unpleasant; also: the expressionso substituteda mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of onethat is unpleasant or offensive
[衍] euphemistic [ˌjufəˈmɪstɪk] (a) “委婉地”。
[源] eu- (good) + phe- (speak) + -m- + -ism (名尾) ，委婉語是 “說好話”。
[例] Using “eliminate” instead of “kill” is oneexample of euphemism.
[解] 其他 euphemism 的例子如 die (pass away, kick the bucket) ,prison (correctional facility) 等。
22
Q
grudging
A
grudging [ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ]
(a) 不情願的(勉強的)
(MW1) said, done, or given in an unwilling or doubtfulway
(MW2) done, given,or allowed unwillingly, reluctantly, or sparingly <grudging compliance(服從) >
[例] Her theories have begunto win grudging acceptance in the scientific community.
23
Q
tenacious
A
tenacious [təˈneʃəs]
(a) 堅持不懈的
(MW1) very determined to do something
(MW2) persistent in maintaining,adhering to, or seekingsomething valuedor desired <a tenacious advocate of civil rights > <tenacious negotiators >
[源] tena- (hold) + -ci- + -ous(形尾) ，抓緊所以 “堅持”。
[衍] tenacity [təˈnæsətɪ] (n) “堅持不懈”。
[例] A tenacious trainer, she adheresto her grueling (非常勞累的) swimming schedule no matter what.
24
Q
impasse
A
impasse [ˈɪmpæs]
(n) 僵局
(MW) a predicament affording no obviousescape
[源] im- (=in-, not) + pass (pass) ，無法通過即 “死巷”、“僵局”。
[例] In this impasse, all turned to prayer as their last hope.
25
imbroglio
**imbroglio [ɪmˈbroljo]**
(n) 混亂
(MW1) a complex dispute or argument
(MW2) a violently confusedor bitterly complicated altercation: EMBROILMENT
[源] 來自義大利文 im- (in) + broglio (confuse) ，在混亂之中。
[衍] **embroil** **[ɪmˈbrɔɪl]** (v) “使混亂”。
[例] The humorof Shakespearean comedies often dependson cases of mistaken identity that involvethe
perplexed protagonists (主角) in one comic***imbroglio*** after another.
[解] ***imbroglio*** 的同義字是embroil 可語音轉換 (im = em) 。
26
anoint
**anoint [əˈnɔɪnt]**
(v) 拔擢
(MW) to choose byor as if by divineelection; also: to designate as if by a ritual anointment \
[源] 字源是smear on，即 “塗油” 的意思，帶有宗教意涵，塗油以表示神聖。
[衍] **anointment** **[əˈnɔɪntmənt]** (n) “拔擢”。
[例] The prophet Samuel anointed David withoil, crowning him king ofIsrael.
[例] The magazineanointed her the most popular actressof theyear.
[例] He anointed (= named,designated) her his successor (繼承者) .
[解] 常用於 “評論者做評論” 或 “上位者對屬下的欽點” 的上下文中。
27
impute
**impute [ɪmˈpjut]**
(v) 歸因於
(MW) tocredit to a person ora cause: ATTRIBUTE \
[源] im- (= in-) + put- (settle) + -e (動尾) ，把原因給決定 (settle) 下來。
[衍] **imputable** **[ɪmˈpjutəbəl]** (a) “可歸因的”。
[衍] **imputation** **[ˌɪmpjʊˈteʃən]** (n) “歸因”。
[例] If I wishedto ***impute*** blame to theofficers in charge ofthis program, I wouldstate my feelingsdefinitely and immediately.
28
jettison
**jettison [ˈdʒɛtəsn]**
(v) 拋棄
(MW) to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering: omit or forgo as part of aplan or as the result of some other decision \
[源] jet- (toss) ，船遇到危急情況 (distress) 時，將貨物拋出 (toss) 以減輕重量。
[例] In order toenable the ship toride safely throughthe storm, the captain had to ***jettison*** much ofhiscargo(貨物) .
[解] 用法相當於 get rid of，特別是丟掉 “多餘的” (superfluous) 、“妨礙的” (encumbering) 部分。
29
soporific
**soporific [ˌsɑpəˈrɪfɪk]**
(a) 令人想睡的 (無聊的)
(MW1) causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep
(MW2) tending to dull (使無聊) awareness or alertness
[源] sopor- (sleep) + -fic(carry) ，帶來 “睡眠”效果的。
[例] thismedication is soporific, so do not drive after taking it
[解] 藥物可以是 soporific，沉悶無聊的課堂也可以是 ***soporific*** (= tedious,boring) 。
30
aesthetic
**aesthetic [ɛsˈθɛtɪk]**
(a) 美學的
(MW) of, relating to, or dealing withaesthetics (美學) or the beautiful \<***aesthetic*** theories \>
[衍] **aesthetics** **[ɛsˈθɛtɪks]** (n) “美學”。
[例] The ***aesthetic*** quality of the painting wasmore appealing than itshistorical significance.
31
proliferate
**proliferate [prəˈlɪfəˌret]**
(v) (數量) 迅速增加
(MW) to increasein number as if by proliferating (增生) : MULTIPLY
[衍] **proliferation** **[prəˌlɪfəˈreʃən]** (n) “(數量) 迅速增加”。
[源] 原義是指生物繁殖、增生，引申為 “數量迅速增加”。
[例] Computers, likeany other technology, ***proliferate*** rapidly as productioncosts decrease and materialsavailability increases.
[解] “核武擴散” 叫 nuclear proliferation。
32
hector
**hector [ˈhɛktɚ]**
(v) 霸凌、欺負
(MW) to intimidateor harass by bluster (嚇唬) or personalpressure[典] **e[典]** **[典]** Hector 原是特洛伊英雄 (Trojan hero) ，史詩伊里亞德 (Iliad) 中 Priam 和 Hecuba 的長子，此 字在十六世紀中被冠上負面色彩用來形容倫敦的街頭流氓，現為一負面字。
[例] The judge ordered the attorneyto stop hectoring the witness.
[形] **hectic** **[ˈhɛktɪk]** (a) verybusy and filled with activity “忙碌的”。
33
cow
**cow [kaʊ]**
(v) 威脅
(MW) to destroythe resolve (決心) or courageof \ also: to bring toa stateor an action by intimidation―used with into \
[記] 母牛 (cow) 的膽子很小，常被 “威脅”(cow) ，所以 “膽小鬼” 叫 coward。
34
exigent
**exigent [ˈɛksədʒənt]**
(a) 緊急的 (= urgent)
(MW) requiringimmediate aid oraction \<***exigent*** circumstances \>
[例] Inthe ***exigent*** circumstances of the coupd’etat (政變) , thousands of troops weredispatched to the capital city.
35
fastidious
**fastidious [fæsˈtɪdɪəs]**
(a) 挑剔的
(MW1) liking few things: hard to please (討好)
(MW2) having high andoften capricious standards: difficult to please \
[衍] **fastidiousness** **[fæsˈtɪdɪəsnɪs]** (n) “挑剔”。
[例] He is ***fastidious*** about keeping the houseclean.
36
captious
**captious [ˈkæpʃəs]**
(a) 挑剔的
(MW) marked by an often ill-natured (壞脾氣的) inclination to stress faults and raiseobjections (反對) \<***captious*** critics \>
[例] a ***captious*** and cranky(脾氣暴躁的) eater who’s never met a vegetable he didn’t hate
37
faultfinding
**faultfinding [ˈfɔltˌfaɪndɪŋ]**
(a) 吹毛求疵的 (挑人毛病的)
(MW) disposed tofind fault: captiously critical
[例] publishers now have to produce textbooksthat pass muster with a slew of***faultfinding*** committees
[衍] **faultfinder** **[ˈfɔltˌfaɪndɚ]** (n) a personwho criticizes someone or something oftenin a way thatisnot fair orreasonable “吹毛求疵者”。
[解] 來自片語 find fault with “挑 (某人) 的毛病”。
38
querulous
**querulous [ˈkwɛrələs]**
(a) 不停抱怨的
(MW1) complaining in an annoyed way
(MW2) habitually complaining
[源] quer- (complain) ，“抱怨”。
[例] car tripsthat were frequently spoiledby a couple of ***querulous*** passengers inthe back
39
carping
**carping [ˈkɑrpɪŋ]**
(a) 抱怨的
(MW) marked by orinclined to querulous and often perversecriticism
[衍] carp (v) to find fault orcomplain querulously “抱怨”。
[例] A peevish(易怒的) and ***carping*** old woman who isnot a favorite at thenursing home.
[記] 池裡的 “鯉魚” (carp) 抱怨人們餵牠們吃太多魚飼料。
40
anachronism
**anachronism [əˈnækrəˌnɪzəm]**
(n) 時間錯置
(MW) an error in chronology (紀年) especially: a chronological misplacing of persons, events,objects, or customs in regard to eachother
[源] ana- (= an-,not) + chron- (time) ，時間不對。
[衍] **anachronistic** **[əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk]** (a) “時間錯置的” (=ahistorical) 。
[例] Her yearningto be nothing more than a housewife seemedan ***anachronism*** in today’s society.
[解] 此字原意是 “時間上的錯置”，如古代人物使用現代科技 (如蘇軾登入他的 facebook 帳號) ，
但引申意思更常用 “不合時宜的人事物、觀念”：anachronism(n) a personor a thing that is chronologically out of place especially: one from a former age that is incongruous in the present，如例句。填空常考***anachronism*** 和 temporal (“時間的”，與溫度無關) 這兩個字的內在關聯。temporal另外一義是 “世俗的” (secular, earthly, mundane) ，有別於 “宗教的” (religious) 、“教會的”(ecclesiastical) 、“修士的”(clerical) 。
41
ahistorical
**ahistorical [eˌhɪsˈtɔrɪkəl]**
(a) 歷史(事實) 錯誤的
(MW) not concerned with or related to history,historical development, or tradition \;also: historically inaccurate or ignorant \
[源] a- (not) +historical，歷史 “錯誤” 的。
42
chronic
**chronic [ˈkrɑnɪk]**
(a) 慢性的 (形容疾病)
(MW1) (medical) continuing or occurring againand again for a long time
(MW2) marked bylong duration or frequentrecurrence: not acute \<***chronic*** indigestion (消化不良) \> \<***chronic*** experiments \>
[源] chron- (time) ，慢性病需要長 “時間” 照料。
[例] He suffers from ***chronic*** arthritis (關節炎) .
[反] **acute** **[əˈkjut]** (a) having a sudden onset (開始) , sharp rise, andshort course \ “急性的”。
[解] 此字從 “慢性病”概念引申為人事物 “長期的毛病”：***chronic*** (a) always presentor encountered; especially: constantly vexing,weakening, or troubling \<***chronic*** petty warfare \>
43
vacillate
**vacillate [ˈvæs!ˌet]**
(v) 猶豫不決 (= hesitate)
(MW) to waver (猶豫) inmind, will, or feeling:hesitate in choiceof opinionsorcourses
[衍] **vacillation** **[ˌvæs!ˈeʃən]** (n)
[例] Inan emergency situation there isno timeto vacillate, so first respondersaretaught appropriatecourses of actions for amyriad of crises.
[解] 比較 oscillate 與 vacillate，這兩字都能物理上的 “擺動”，oscillate 特別指 “固定來回的擺動， 振盪”，像數拍子用的 “節拍器” (metronome) 一樣的擺動，而 ***vacillate*** 也可以指抽象的(內心的) 擺動 “猶豫不決” (indecisive) ，如例句。類似觀念：swingstates “搖擺州”。
44
concur
**concur [kənˈkɝ]**
(v) 同意
(MW) APPROVE \<***concur*** in a statement \>
[源] con- (加強語氣) + cur- (go) ，大家 “同意”一起往什麼方向走。
[反] **demur** **[dɪˈmɝ]** (v) to take exception: OBJECT “反對”
45
hapless
**hapless [ˈhæplɪs]**
(a) 不幸的 (= unlucky)
(MW) having no luck: UNFORTUNATE
[源] hap- (luck) + -less (without) ，“沒有幸運”。
[例] She playsthe ***hapless*** heroine (女主角) who is unlucky in love.
[記] 用 happy + less來記，“不幸的”人 “不會快樂”。
46
mishap
**mishap [ˈmɪsˌhæp]**
(n) 不幸
(MW1) an unlucky accident or mistake
(MW2) bad luck: MISFORTUNE
[源] mis- (bad) + hap- (luck) ，不幸是 “壞運氣”。
[例] The firewas a tragic mishapthat could have been prevented.
47
contentious
**contentious [kənˈtɛnʃəs]**
(a) 爭議的 (指議題)
(MW) likely to cause disagreement orargument \
[例] **After a *contentious* debate, membersof the committee finallyvoted to approve the funding.*contentious*** **[kənˈtɛnʃəs]** (a) 好鬥的 (形容人)
(MW1) likely or willing to argue
(MW2) exhibiting an often perverseand wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes \
[例] The dispute involves oneof the region’s most ***contentious*** leaders
[衍] **contend** **[kənˈtɛnd]** (v) “宣稱”、“競爭”。
[衍] **contention** **[kənˈtɛnʃən]** (n) “爭論”、“爭議”。
[記] 各自有自己的 “宣稱” 就會起 “爭議”，相互競爭就會 “鬥來鬥去”。
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capsize
**capsize [kæpˈsaɪz]**
(v) (船) 翻覆
(MW1) (of aboat) to turn over: to turn sothat the bottom ison top
(MW2) to become upset or overturned: TURN OVER \
[例] They werefooling around and accidentallycapsized the canoe.
[記] “頭” (cap-, head) 的 “尺寸” (size) 太大，所以翻覆。
49
lopsided
**lopsided [lɑpˈsaɪdɪd]**
(a) 不平均的
(MW1) having one side that is lower or smallerthan the other
(MW2) lacking in balance,symmetry, or proportion: disproportionately heavy on one side \
[例] They wonthe game by a ***lopsided*** score of 25-3.
[解] 原意是 “兩邊重量不平均”，常指 “壓倒性的(票數) ”，與 landsliding 同義。
[記] 諧音：重量都 lop (落) 到同一邊 (side) 去了。
50
belated
**belated [bɪˈletɪd]**
(a) 時間太遲的 (= late)
(MW1) happening or coming very late ortoo late
(MW2) delayed beyond the usual time
[源] be- (make) + late，使之 “遲”。
[衍] **belatedness** **[bɪ`letɪdnɪs]** (n) “時間太遲”。
[例] She received ***belated*** recognition for her scientific discovery.
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abstemious
**abstemious [æbˈstimɪəs]**
(a) (飲食) 節制的
(MW1) not eating and drinking too much
(MW2) marked byrestraintespecially in the consumptionof food oralcohol; also: reflecting such restraint
\
[衍] **abstemiousness** **[æbˈstimɪəsnɪs]** (n) “(飲食) 節制”。
[例] She isknown as an ***abstemious*** eater and drinker.
[解] 此字專指 “飲食上” 的節制。
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temperance
**temperance [ˈtɛmprəns]**
(n) (飲酒) 節制
(MW1) the practiceof drinkinglittleor no alcohol
(MW2) moderation in or abstinence (節制) from the useof alcoholic beverages
[衍] **temperate** **[ˈtɛmprɪt]** (a) “節制的”。
[例] The minister (牧師) preachedabout temperance.
[解] 字面上指 “飲酒” 節制，可擴大為 “情緒、行為上” 節制：***temperance*** (n) the practice of always controlling your actions,thoughts, orfeelings so that you do not eat or drink too much,become too angry, etc.
53
pulchritude
**pulchritude [ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjud]**
(n) 美麗
(MW) physical comeliness (美麗)
[源] pulchr- (beautiful) + -i- (膠水) + -tude (名尾) ，“美麗”。
[衍] **pulchritudinous** **[ˌpʌlkrəˈtjudənəs]** (a) “美麗的”。
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peregrinate
**peregrinate [ˈpɛrəgrɪˌnet]**
(v) 徒步旅行(= walk)
(MW) to travel especially on foot: WALK
[源] per- (through) + egri- (= agri-,field) + -ate (動尾) ，穿越田野去 “旅行”。
[衍] **peregrination** **[ˌpɛrəgrɪˈneʃən]** (n) “徒步旅行” (= journey) 。
[例] A coupleof backpacking collegestudents who decided to spend thesummer peregrinating aroundIreland.
55
futile
**futile [ˈfjutəl]**
(a) 無用的
(MW1) having no result or effect: pointlessor useless
(MW2) serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective \
[衍] **futility** **[fjuˈtɪlɪtɪ]** (n) “無用”。
[例] All ourefforts proved futile.
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bootless
**bootless [ˈbutlɪs]**
(a) 無用的
(MW) USELESS, UNPROFITABLE \
[例] a ***bootless*** effort to get tickets to the sold-outgame
[記] 連 “靴子”(boot) 都 “沒有” (-less) 的人是“無用的”。
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perfidy
**perfidy [ˈpɝfədɪ]**
(n) 背叛
(MW1) the act of betrayingsomeone or something: the stateofnotbeing loyal
(MW2) the quality or state of beingfaithless or disloyal: TREACHERY
[源] per- (through) + fid- (faith) ，“透過信任” 而背叛。
[衍] **perfidious** **[pɚˈfɪdɪəs]** (a) “背叛的”。
[例] Hedecided to forgive his wife’s perfidy, choosing to ascribe (歸因於) it to a moment of uncharacteristic (不尋常的) weakness.
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treacherous
**treacherous [ˈtrɛtʃərəs]**
(a) 背叛的 (無法信任的)
(MW1) not able tobe trusted: showing that someone cannot betrusted
(MW2) characterized by or manifesting treachery: PERFIDIOUS
[例] **a *treacherous* act of betrayal*treacherous*** **[ˈtrɛtʃərəs]** (a) 危險的
(MW1) very dangerous and difficultto deal with
(MW2) marked byhidden dangers, hazards, or perils
[例] The snow madetheir hike all the more treacherous.
[衍] **treachery** **[ˈtrɛtʃərɪ]** (n) “背叛”、“危險”。
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decided
**decided [dɪˈsaɪdɪd]**
(a) 清楚明確的
(MW1) clear and definite: easy to notice
(MW2) free from doubt or wavering (猶豫) \
[衍] **decidedness** **[dɪˈsaɪdɪdnɪs]** (n) “清楚明確”。
[例] a ***decided*** hint of perfume on her skin
[記] “已下決定” (decided) 的事是 “清楚明確的” (decided) 。
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retribution
**retribution [ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuʃən]**
(n) 懲罰
(MW1) punishment for doing something wrong
(MW2) somethinggiven or exacted in recompense (回報) ; especially: PUNISHMENT
[源] re- (again) + trib- (pay) ，“懲罰”是一種 “回報”。
[例] The killer actedwithout fear of retribution.
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kindred
**kindred [ˈkɪndrɪd]**
(n) 親戚
(MW) a person’s relatives
[例] The kingdom’s royal kindred(皇親國戚) actually numbers in the thousands.
[記] 親戚對你都是 “友善的” (kind) 。
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eclectic
**eclectic [ɛˈklɛktɪk]**
(a) 來源眾多的 (學者研究態度：兼容並蓄的)
(MW1) including things taken from many differentsources
(MW2) composed of elements drawn from varioussources also: HETEROGENEOUS (異質的)
[例] The museum’s ***eclectic*** collection has everythingfrom a giraffe skeleton to medievalmusical instruments.
[解] 字面上是 “來源眾多的”，可用於修飾 “興趣廣泛” 或 “收藏豐富”，若形容人 (特別是學者) 的話指的是研究方法 “兼容並蓄”，兼取各家之長，補自己之短。
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catholic
**catholic [ˈkæθəlɪk]**
(a) 包含廣泛的
(MW1) including many different things
(MW2) COMPREHENSIVE, UNIVERSAL; especially: broad in sympathies, tastes,or interests \
[例] She is a novelistwho is ***catholic*** in her interests.
[記] “天主教的” (Catholic) 的經典是 “包含廣泛的” (catholic) 。
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spontaneous
**spontaneous [spɑnˈtenɪəs]**
(a) 自發的、自然的
(MW1) done orsaid in a natural andoften sudden way and without a lot of thoughtor planning
(MW2) notapparently contrived or manipulated: NATURAL
[衍] **spontaneity** **[ˌspɑntəˈniətɪ]** (n) “自發性”。
[例] He’s aguywho’s ***spontaneous*** and fun.
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misnomer
**misnomer [ˌmɪsˈnomɚ]**
(n) 名稱錯誤
(MW) a name that is wrong or not properor appropriate
[源] mis- (bad) + nom- (name) ，“名稱錯誤”。
[例] “InternationalAirport” is somethingof a misnomer, since almost all the arriving and departing flights are local.
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misname
**misname [mɪsˈnem]**
(v) 叫錯名字
(MW) to give (someoneor something) a name that is not properor appropriate
[源] mis- (bad) + name，“名稱錯誤”。
[衍] **misnaming** **[mɪsˈnemɪŋ]** (n) “叫錯名字”。
[例] The caption misnamed the person inthe picture.
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conducive
**conducive [kənˈdjusɪv]**
(a) 有益的
(MW1) making it easy, possible,or likely for somethingto happen or exist
(MW2) tending topromote or assist \
[衍] **conduciveness** **[kənˈdjusɪvnɪs]** (n) “有益”。
[例] the claim thatthe state’s long-standing antitax attitudeis ***conducive*** to entrepreneurship (創業)
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facilitate
**facilitate [fəˈsɪləˌtet]**
(v) 使容易
(MW1) to make (something) easier: to helpcause (something)
(MW2) to makeeasier: help bring about \<***facilitate*** growth \>
[衍] **facilitation** **[fəˈsɪləˌteʃən]** (n) “使容易”。
[例] Cuttingtaxes may ***facilitate*** economic recovery.
69
irenic
**irenic [aɪˈrinɪk]**
(a) 和平的
(MW) favoring, conducive to, or operatingtoward peace, moderation, or conciliation
[源] iren- (peace) ，“和平”。
[記] 叫 Irene 的女孩 “愛好和平”。
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bizarre
**bizarre [bɪˈzɑr]**
(a) 古怪的
(MW1) very unusual or strange
(MW2) strikingly out of theordinary: odd, extravagant, or eccentricin style ormode
[衍] **bizarreness** **[bɪˈzɑrnɪs]** (n) “古怪”。
[例] She worea ***bizarre*** outfit.
[記] 諧音：“比薩” (bizarre) 斜塔歪歪的很 “古怪”。
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rift
**rift [rɪft]**
(n) (人與人之間的) 嫌隙 (來自 “地殼裂縫”)
(MW1) a situationin which twopeople, groups, etc., no longer have a friendly relationship
(MW2) BREACH,ESTRANGEMENT
[例] The fight will only widenthe***rift*** with his brother.
[記] 人與人之間的關係如地殼 “裂” 開就是產生嫌 “隙”。
72
hearten
**hearten [ˈhɑrtən]**
(v) 令人開心、感到希望
(MW1) to cause (someone) to feel more cheerfulor hopeful
(MW2) togive heart to: CHEER
[反] **dishearte** **[dɪsˈhɑrtən]** (v) to cause (a personor group of people) tolose hope, enthusiasm, orcourage: to discourage(someone) “令人失望、悲觀”。
[例] Thinkingwe were hopelessly lost, we were heartened by the sight of a familiar farmhouse.
[記] 用 “心” (heart) 去 “讓別人開心” (hearten) 。
73
demarcate
**demarcate [diˈmɑrˌket]**
(v) 區別 (來自 “畫界線”)
(MW1) to show the limitsor edgesof (something)
(MW2) to set apart:DISTINGUISH \<***demarcate*** teachers as mentor,master and model teachers basedon their level ofeducation \>
[衍] **demarcation** **[ˌdimɑrˈkeʃən]** (n) “區別”。
[解] 原意是 “畫界線”(如在地圖上畫國家之間的界線，或畫選區的界線) ，引申為 “區別”。
[例] The boundary between the countriesmust be clearly demarcated.
74
gist
**gist [dʒɪst]**
(n) 主旨、大意
(MW) the main pointor part: ESSENCE \
[例] didn’t catch every wordbetween them, but heard enough to get the gistof the conversation
75
lucrative
**lucrative [ˈlukrətɪv]**
(a) 獲利的 (= profitable)
(MW1) producing money or wealth
(MW2) producingwealth: PROFITABLE
[源] lucra- (=lucre, money) + -tive (形尾) ，獲利就是 “賺錢”。
[衍] **lucr** **[ˈlukɚ]** (n) money orprofit “金錢”。
[例] The business hasproved to be highly lucrative.
76
instigate
**instigate [ˈɪnstəˌget]**
(v) 促使某事發生 (可以是好事或壞事)
(MW1) to cause (something) to happen or begin
(MW2) to goad or urge forward: PROVOKE
[衍] **instigation** **[ˌɪnstəˈgeʃən]** (n) “促使”。
[例] **There hasbeen an increase in theamount of violence instigated by gangs** **[負面，翻 “煽動”。]**
[例] **The government has instigated an investigationinto the cause of the accident** **[正面，翻 “促使”。]**
77
modish
**modish [ˈmodɪʃ]**
(a) 時髦的、流行的 (= fashionable)
(MW1) fashionable or stylishin a modern way
(MW2) FASHIONABLE, STYLISH \ \
[衍] **mode** **[mod]** (n) a form or manner ofexpression: STYLE “風格、作風”。
[例] He wore a ***modish*** gray suit andhat.
[解] 一個人的生活 “模式” (mode) 就是其 “風格”、“作風”，mode 就是 way, fashion,style，這些字 的用法是 in a … mode/way/fashion/style。
[記] 模特兒 (model) 是 “時髦的” (modish) 。
78
woo
**woo [wu]**
(v) 追求、討好 (某人)
(MW1) to try toattract (someone, such as a customer, voter,worker, etc.) : to attempt topersuade (someone) to buysomething from you, votefor you, work for you, etc.
(MW2) to solicitor entreat especially with importunity (持續騷擾) \<***woo*** new customers \>
[例] The companymust find creative waysto ***woo*** new employees.
79
court
**court [kort]**
(v) 追求、討好(某人)
(MW1) to give a lot ofattention and praise to (someone) in order to get approval,support, etc.
(MW2) toseek to attract (asby solicitous attentionor offersof advantages) \
[例] The speechwas clearly intendedto ***court*** middle-class voters.
80
irksome
**irksome [ˈɝksəm]**
(a) 令人惱怒的 (= annoying)
(MW1) annoying or irritating
(MW2) tending to irk: TEDIOUS \
[衍] **irk** **[ɝk]** (v) to botheror annoy (someone) “使惱怒”。
[例] the ***irksome*** habit of leaving all thekitchen cabinet doorsopen
81
pivotal
**pivotal [ˈpɪvətəl]**
(a) 重要的 (來自“樞紐”)
(MW1) very important
(MW2) vitallyimportant: CRITICAL
[源] 來自 pivot (樞紐) ，樞紐的位置是 “重要”的。
[衍] **pivot** **[ˈpɪvət]** (n) “樞紐”。
[例] The report wasmissing a ***pivotal*** piece of information.
82
morbid
**morbid [ˈmɔrbɪd]**
(a) 疾病的
(MW) of, relating to, orcharacteristic of disease \<***morbid*** anatomy \>
[源] morb- (= mort-, death) + -id (形尾) ，“疾病” 導致死亡。
[例] **suffering from a *morbid* condition*morbid*** **[ˈmɔrbɪd]** (a) 病態的
(MW) not healthyor normal
[例] She has a ***morbid*** interest in funerals.
83
exploit
**exploit [ɪkˈsplɔɪt]** (v) 利用
(MW1) to get value or use from (something)
(MW2) to makeproductive use of: UTILIZE \< exploiting your talents \> \< ***exploit*** your opponent’s weakness \>
[例] He has never fully exploitedhis talents.
**exploit** **[ɪkˈsplɔɪt]** (v) 剝削 (不當利用)
(MW1) to use (someoneor something) in a way that helps you unfairly
(MW2) to make use of meanly or unfairly for one’s own advantage \< exploiting migrant farm workers \>
[例] She said the tragedy had been exploited by the media.
**exploit** **[ˈɛksplɔɪt]** (n) 功績 (豐功偉業)
(MW1) an exciting act or action
(MW2) DEED, ACT; especially: a notable or heroic act
[例] Once famed as an actor, John WilkesBooth is now remembered for a single exploit, his assassination of Lincoln. (對 JWB 而言，林肯是暴君，故除之是一種功績)
[解] 此字當動詞時，有兩個意思：正面的“利用” 或負面的 “剝削 (不當利用) ”，視上下文而定。 當名詞時，意思是正面的 “功績”。
84
canonize
**canonize [ˈkænənˌaɪz]**
(v) 視…為重要人物 (來自“封為聖人”)
(MW) totreat as illustrious, preeminent, or sacred
[源] 來自天主教的一種儀式，將死者冊封為聖人，引申為“視…為重要人物”。
[衍] **canon** **[ˈkænən]** (n) “規範、準則” (來自“教規”) 。
[例] A singing star so canonized by his fans that they refuse tobelieve anythingbad about him.
85
undo
**undo [ʌnˈdu]**
(v) 取消、使無效(回復原始狀態)
(MW1) to change or stop theeffect of (something)
(MW2) to make of noeffect or as if not done: makenull: REVERSE
[例] The damagecannot be undone.
86
egoism
**egoism [ˈigoˌɪzəm]**
(n) 自大 (= egotism)
(MW) excessive concernfor oneself with or without exaggeratedfeelings of self-importance
[源] ego- (I) + -ism (名尾) ，ego 是拉丁文裡的 I，眼中只有 “我” 的人是 “自大” 的。
[衍] **egois** **[ˈigoɪst]** (n) “自大者”。
[例] Because ofheregoism, she never gave a thought toasking how the others felt.
87
scintillating
**scintillating [ˈsɪntəlˌetɪŋ]**
(a) 有智慧的、有趣的 (來自“閃爍”)
(MW1) very clever, amusing,and interesting
(MW2) brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty \
[源] 來自 scintillate (閃爍) ，此字修飾 “有智慧、有趣的” 談話像黑夜中的星星一樣 “閃閃” 發 光，引領著我們。
[衍] scintillate (v) “閃爍”。
[例] a ***scintillating*** lecture/discussion
88
pathetic
**pathetic [pəˈθɛtɪk]**
(a) 差勁的 (來自“可憐的”)
(MW1) very bad, poor,weak, etc.
(MW2) pitifully inferior or inadequate \
[源] path- (feel) + -et- + -ic (形尾) ，對別人 “感到” 憐惜，再從 “可憐的” 引申為 “差勁的”。
[例] The team waspretty badlast year, but thisyear they’re downrightpathetic.
89
incendiary
**incendiary [ɪnˈsɛndɪˌɛrɪ]**
(a) 煽動的(來自 “放火”)
(MW1) causing anger
(MW2) tending to excite or inflame: INFLAMMATORY \<***incendiary*** speeches \>
[源] 原意是 “放火的”，引申為“煽動的”(煽風點火) ，此字多修飾言論。
[衍] ***incendiary*** **[ɪnˈsɛndɪˌɛrɪ]** (n) “煽動者” (來自 “縱火犯”) 。
[例] recklessly made ***incendiary*** remarks duringa period of heightened racial tensions
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exact
**exact [ɪgˈzækt]**
(v) 強求、勒索
(MW1) to demand and get (something,such as payment or revenge) especially by usingforce or threats— used in phrases like ***exact*** a terrible toll and ***exact*** a high/heavyprice to say that somethinghas caused a lot ofsuffering, loss, etc.
(MW2) to call for forcibly or urgently and obtain \
[例] They would notrest until they had exacted revenge.
91
toll
**toll [tol]**
(n) 付出的代價 (來自 “過路費”)
(MW) a grievousor ruinousprice \; especially: cost in life orhealth \
[例] If you keep working so hard,the stress will eventually take its toll. (= your health will be harmed)
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clangor
**clangor [ˈklæŋɚ]**
(n) 金屬撞擊聲 (來自狀聲詞clang) → GRE 考 clangorous
(MW) a resounding (響亮的) clang (金屬撞擊聲) or medley (混合) of clangs \
[衍] **clangorous** **[ˈklæŋərəs]** (a) “聲音響亮的”。
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rejuvenate
**rejuvenate [rɪˈdʒuvənet]**
(v) 使充滿活力 (使煥然一新)
(MW1) togive new strength or energy to (something)
(MW2) to restore to an original or newstate \<***rejuvenate*** old cars \>
[源] re- (again) + juven- (young) + -ate(動尾) ，“再年輕一次”。
[例] Each candidate claims to have a plan to***rejuvenate*** the sagging(蕭條的) economy.
94
dictate
**dictate [ˈdɪktet]**
(v) 權威性地說、規定
(MW1) to say orstate (something) with authority or power
(MW2) tospeak or act domineeringly (跋扈地) : PRESCRIBE
[源] dict- (speak) +-ate (動尾) ，權威性地“說”。
[例] They insistedon being able to ***dictate*** the terms ofsurrender.
[解] 此字用法多樣，可做 “聽寫” (老師說，學生寫) 、“獨裁”(獨裁者說，人民做) 、 “決定、需要” (= determine, require) ，共同的概念上是 “權威” (權威者說了算) 。
95
precocious
**precocious [prɪˈkoʃəs]**
(a) 早熟的
(MW1) (of a child) having or showing the qualitiesor abilitiesof an adult at an unusually early age
(MW2) exhibiting mature qualitiesat an unusually early age \
[源] pre- (before) + coc- (cook) + -i- (膠水) + -ous (形尾) ，提早下鍋煮的食物是 “早熟” 的。
[例] A ***precocious*** musician, hewas giving concerts when he wasseven.
96
untapped
**untapped [ʌnˈtæpt]**
(a) 未經開發(採) 的
(MW1) available but not used
(MW2) not drawn uponor utilized \
[源] tap 是 “(酒桶的) 塞子”，***untapped*** 表示酒桶未開封，酒還沒人喝，引申為尚未開發、開採的“資源、市場” 等。
[例] untappedresources
97
adverse
**adverse [ædˈvɝs]**
(a) 不利的
(MW1) bad or unfavorable: not good
(MW2) opposed to one’s interests (利益) \ \; especially: UNFAVORABLE \
[源] ad- (to) + vers- (turn) + -e (形尾) ，不利的事物讓你 “轉向” 無法前進。
[衍] **adversary** **[ˈædvɚˌsɛrɪ]** (n) an enemy or opponent“對手、敵手”。
[例] All the ***adverse*** publicity (宣傳) really caused the movie star’s popularity to suffer.
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hortatory
**hortatory [ˈhɔrtəˌtori]**
(a) 勸告的 (= hortative)
(MW) HORTATIVE, EXHORTATORY \<***hortatory*** sermons (講道) \>
[衍] **hortative** **[ˈhɔrtətɪv]** (a) giving exhortation: ADVISORY “勸告的”。
99
exhort
**exhort [ɪgˈzɔrt]**
(v) 勸告、呼籲、激勵 (概念皆是 “用言語影響別人”)
(MW1) to try to influence (someone) by words oradvice: to strongly urge(someone) to do something
(MW2) to incite by argumentor advice: urge strongly \
[衍] **exhortative** **[ɪgˈzɔrtətɪv]** (a) “勸告的、激勵的”。
[衍] **exhortatory** **[ɪgˈzɔrtəˌtərɪ]** (a) “勸告的、激勵的”。
[例] She exhorted her listeners to supportthe proposition (提議) .
100
extant
**extant [ɛkˈstænt]**
(a) 現存的 (保存完善的)
(MW1) in existence: still existing:not destroyed or lost
(MW2) still existing: not destroyed or lost \<***extant*** manuscripts \>
[例] There are few ***extant*** records from that period.
101
penchant
**penchant [ˈpɛntʃənt]**
(n) 強烈的喜好
(MW1) a strong liking forsomething or a strong tendency to behave in a certain way
(MW2) a strong and continuedinclination; broadly: LIKING
[例] a ***penchant*** for sitting by thewindow and staring moodily(憂鬱地) off into space
102
predilection
**predilection [ˌpridɪˈlɛkʃən]**
(n) 強烈喜好
(MW1) a natural liking for something: a tendencyto do or to be attracted to something
(MW2) an established preferencefor something
[例] a young lad (少年) with a ***predilection*** for tellingtall(誇大的) tales
103
serendipity
**serendipity [ˌsɛrənˈdɪpətɪ]**
(n) 發現新奇事物的能力 → GRE 考 serendipitous。
(MW1) luck that takes theform of finding valuableorpleasant thingsthat are not lookedfor
(MW2) the faculty(能力) or phenomenon of finding valuableor agreeable thingsnotsought for; also: an instance of this
[衍] **serendipitous** **[ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪtəs]** (a) “具發現新奇事物能力的”。
[例] They foundeach other by pure serendipity.
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blemish
**blemish [ˈblɛmɪʃ]**
(n) 汙點、斑點
(MW1) a mark that makes something imperfect orless beautiful : an unwanted mark on thesurface of something
(MW2) a noticeableimperfection; especially: one that seriouslyimpairs appearance
[例] The table had a few scratchesand minor blemishes.
105
commensurate
**commensurate [kəˈmɛnʃərɪt]**
(a) 相當於、等同於
(MW1) equal or similartosomething in size, amount, or degree
(MW2) corresponding insize,extent, amount, or degree: PROPORTIONATE \
[例] Her new position camewith a ***commensurate*** level ofresponsibility.
106
kindred
**kindred [ˈkɪndrɪd]**
(a) 相似的 (來自 “有血緣關係的”)
(MW1) alike or similar
(MW2) of a similar nature or character: LIKE \
[例] philosophy, politicaltheory, and ***kindred*** topics
107
mortify
**mortify [ˈmɔrtəˌfaɪ]**
(v) 使感到羞辱
(MW1) to cause (someone) to feel very embarrassedand foolish
(MW2) tosubject to severe and vexingembarrassment: SHAME
[例] It mortified me to have to admit that I’d never actuallyread the book.
108
heterodox
**heterodox [ˈhɛtərəˌdɑks]**
(a) 非正統的
(MW1) not agreeing with established beliefsor standards
(MW2) contraryto or different from an acknowledged standard,a traditional form,or an established religion:UNORTHODOX, UNCONVENTIONAL \<***heterodox*** ideas \>
[例] Her ***heterodox*** approach to teaching science initially met with someresistance from her peers.
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meager
**meager [ˈmigɚ]**
(a) 少量的、貧乏的
(MW1) very small or too small in amount
(MW2) deficient in qualityor quantity \
[例] She cameto this country with a fairly ***meager*** English vocabulary, but she is learning morewords every day.
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long-winded
**long-winded [ˈlɔŋˈwɪndɪd]**
(a) 愛說話的
(MW1) using too many words in speakingor writing
(MW2) tediously long inspeaking or writing
111
cursory
**cursory [ˈkɝsərɪ]**
(a) 匆忙的、草率的
(MW1) done or made quickly
(MW2) rapidly and often superficially performed or produced: HASTY \
[例] Only a ***cursory*** inspection of thebuilding’s electrical wiringwas done.
112
canny
**canny [ˈkænɪ]**
(a) 精明的
(MW1) very clever and ableto make intelligent decisions
(MW2) CLEVER, SHREWD \; also: PRUDENT \<***canny*** investments \>
[例] a ***canny*** card player, good atpsyching out his opponents
113
breathtaking
**breathtaking [ˈbrɛθˌtekɪŋ]**
(a) 極大的、令人吃驚的
(MW1) very great or surprising
(MW2) very great: ASTONISHING \
[例] The scope of the error is breathtaking.
114
impetus
**impetus [ˈɪmpətəs]**
(n) 刺激、動力
(MW1) a force that causes something (suchas a process or activity) to be doneorto become more active
(MW2) stimulationor encouragement resulting in increasedactivity
[例] His discoverieshave given ***impetus*** to furtherresearch.
115
acerbic
**acerbic [əˈsɝbɪk]**
(a) 尖酸刻薄的
(MW1) expressing harsh or sharpcriticism in a clever way
(MW2) acid in temper, mood,or tone \<***acerbic*** commentary \> \
[例] whispered a steady stream of ***acerbic*** comments as the lecturer dronedon
116
alacrity
**alacrity [əˈlækrətɪ]**
(n) 迅速、愉快的回應
(MW1) a quick andcheerful readiness to do something
(MW2) promptness in response:cheerful readiness \
[例] She accepted the invitation with an ***alacrity*** that surprised me.
117
devolve
**devolve [dɪˈvɑlv]**
(v) 轉移(權力、責任) 給下層單位
(MW1) to pass(responsibility, power, etc.) from one person or group to another person or group at alower level ofauthority
(MW2) to pass on (as responsibility,rights, or powers) from oneperson or entity toanother \
[例] Community leaders hopethat the new government will ***devolve*** more power to the communityitself.
118
fixate
**fixate [ˈfɪkset]**
(v) 注視
(MW1) to look at or think about somethingconstantly: to give all of your attention to something
(MW2) to focus orconcentrate one’s gaze or attention intently or obsessively
[源] 來自 fix，注視是將眼光 “固定” 在某一處。
119
braggart
**braggart [ˈbrægɚt]**
(n) 自大者 (愛吹噓的人)
(MW1) aperson who brags alot
(MW2) a loudarrogant boaster
[衍] **brag** **[bræg]** (v) “吹噓”。
[例] a ***braggart*** who was always talking about how much money he made
120
blithe
**blithe [blaɪð]**
(a) 無憂無慮的、漫不經心的
(MW1) showing a lack ofproper thought or care: not caring or worrying
(MW2) lacking due thoughtor consideration: CASUAL, HEEDLESS \<***blithe*** unconcern \>
[例] He showed ***blithe*** disregard for the rights ofothers.
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transgression
**transgression [trænsˈgrɛʃən]**
(n) 違法、違規 (來自“跨越界線”)
(MW) an act,process, or instance of transgressing: infringement (侵犯) or violation of a law, command, or duty
[衍] **transgress** **[trænsˈgrɛs]** (v) “違法”。
[例] acts that are transgressions against the laws ofcivilized societies everywhere
122
averse
**averse [əˈvɝs]**
(a) 厭惡的 (後面接的 to 是介係詞)
(MW) havingan active feelingof repugnance (反感) or distaste—usually used with to \<***averse*** to strenuous(累人的) exercise \>(AL) havinga clear dislike of (something) : strongly opposedto (something)
[源] a- (ad-,to) + vers- (turn) + -e(形尾) ，對厭惡的東西 “轉” 過身去不看它。
[例] No one is more***averse*** to borrowing money than he is. “沒有人比他更討厭向別人借錢”。
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impair
**impair [ɪmˈpɛr]**
(v) 削弱、傷害
(MW1) to make(something) weaker or worse
(MW2) to damageor make worse by or as if by diminishing insome material respect \ \
[衍] **impairment** **[ɪmˈpɛrmənt]** (n) “削弱、傷害”。
[例] Drinkingimpairs a person’s ability to thinkclearly.
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promulgate
**promulgate [prəˈmʌlˌget]**
(v) 宣傳 (來自 “政府公告(法律) ”)
(MW1) tomake (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many people
(MW2) to make (as a doctrine) knownby open declaration: PROCLAIM
[例] Her ideashave been widely promulgated on the Internet.
125
disseminate
**disseminate [dɪˈsɛməˌnet]**
(v) 傳播 (資訊、想法等)
(MW1) to cause (something, such as information) to goto many people
(MW2) to spreadabroad as though sowing seed \<***disseminate*** ideas \>
[源] dis- (加) + semin- (seed) + -ate(動尾) ，把想法像 “種子” 一樣傳播出去。
[例] The Internet allowsusto ***disseminate*** information faster.
126
make out
make out (v) 辨識出 (= recognize)
(MW) to see and identify withdifficulty or effort: DISCERN \<***make out*** aship through the fog \>(AL) to see/hear and understand (something)
[例] I couldn’t quite ***make out*** what she said.
[解] 此字指 “用看或聽的方式” 去辨識出某事並理解。
127
relish
**relish [ˈrɛlɪʃ]**
(v) 享受
(MW1) to enjoy or take pleasurein (something)
(MW2) to be pleased or gratified by: ENJOY
[例] I ***relish*** traveling to newplaces.
128
prescience
**prescience [ˈprɛʃɪəns]**
(n) 先知
(MW1) the abilityto know what will or might happenin the future
(MW2) foreknowledge of events: humananticipation of the course ofevents: FORESIGHT
[衍] **prescient** **[ˈprɛʃɪənt]** (a) “先知的”。
[例] Her ***prescience*** asan investor is impressive.
129
foresight
**foresight [ˈforˌsaɪt]**
(n) 先見之明 → GRE 考 foresighted (a) “有先見之明的”。
(MW1) the ability to seewhat will or might happenin the future
(MW2) provident (明智的) care: PRUDENCE \
[源] fore- (before) + sight (see) ，“先見”之明。
[衍] **foresighted** **[ˈforˌsaɪtɪd]** (a) “有先見之明的”。
[例] His career choice showsa lack of foresight.
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imperative
**imperative [ɪmˈpɛrətɪv]**
(a) 必要的 (來自“命令的”)
(MW1) very important
(MW2) not tobe avoidedor evaded: NECESSARY \
[例] It is ***imperative*** that the public beinformed about these dangers.(= It is ***imperative*** to inform the public about thesedangers.)
131
voluntary
**voluntary [ˈvɑlənˌtɛrɪ]**
(a) 自願性的(義工的)
(MW1) providedor supported by peoplewho do work without being paid
(MW2) proceeding from the will or from one’s ownchoice or consent
[例] Participation in the program is completelyvoluntary.
132
blunt
**blunt [blʌnt]**
(a) 直言不諱的 (= outspoken)
(MW1) sayingor expressing something in a very direct way that may upset somepeople
(MW2) being straightto the point: DIRECT
[例] To be perfectly blunt, I find her annoying.
133
buoyant
**buoyant [ˈbɔɪənt]**
(a) 興奮的、情緒高昂的 (來自 “浮起來的”)
(MW1) happy and confident
(MW2) having buoyancy: CHEERFUL, GAY
[例] The actorswere ***buoyant*** as they preparedfor the evening’s performance.
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premonitory
**premonitory [prɪˈmɑnəˌtorɪ]**
(a) 預警的
(MW) giving warning \
[源] pre- (before) + mon- (warn) + -it- + -ory (形尾) ，“先”給 “警告”。
[例] a moderate tremor (地震) that some seismologists have interpreted as a ***premonitory*** sign of the catastrophic quake that is inevitable
135
stanch
**stanch [stæntʃ]**
(v) 止血 (使停止流動)
(MW1) to stop something(especially blood) from flowing
(MW2) to check or stop the flowing of \; also: to stop the flow ofblood from (a wound)
[例] He used a towel to try to ***stanch*** the (flowof) blood.
[解] 概念是指 “使(液體) 停止流動”，一般與血並用，但可引申用於所有會 flow之物，如 stanchthe flow of words。
136
rhapsody
**rhapsody [ˈræpsədɪ]**
(n) 狂想曲
(MW1) a pieceofmusic that ismeant to express alot of emotion and does not havea regular form
(MW2) a musical compositionof irregular form havingan improvisatory (即興的) character
[例] The mayor launchedinto a long ***rhapsody*** about his plans for the city.
[解] 從音樂形式上的 “狂想曲” 引申為 “隨興、情緒激動的言論”。
137
aghast
**aghast [əˈgæst]**
(a) 驚駭的 (震驚的)
(MW1) shocked and upset
(MW2) struck with terror,amazement, or horror:SHOCKED
[例] The news left her aghast.
[記] ghast 就是 ghost，遇到 “一隻” (a) “鬼”(ghast) 令人害怕。
138
empathy
**empathy [ˈɛmpəθɪ]**
(n) 同理心 (感同身受)
(MW1) the feelingthat you understand and share another person’s experiences and emotions: theability to share someone else’s feelings
(MW2) the actionof understanding,being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously (有同感地) experiencing the feelings,thoughts, and experience of another ofeither the past or present without having the feelings,thoughts, and experience fully communicated in anobjectively explicit manner; also: the capacity (能力) for this
[例] He felt great ***empathy*** with thepoor.
[形] **sympathy** **[ˈsɪmpəθɪ]** (n) “同情心”。
[解] 同理心是感同身受 (自己感受到對方的痛苦) ，但同情心只是覺得對方可憐，自己不見得能體會對方。
139
inestimable
**inestimable [ɪnˈɛstəməbəl]**
(a) 巨大的 (來自 “無法估計”)
(MW1) too great, valuable, or excellent tobe measured
(MW2) too valuable or excellent to bemeasured or appreciated \
[源] in- (not) +estimate (評估) + -able，無法估計的貢獻是 “巨大的” 貢獻。
[例] Einstein’s ***inestimable*** contributions to science.
[形] **estimable** **[ˈɛstəməbəl]** (a) “值得尊敬的”。
[解] 此字相當於 invaluable “珍貴的”(同樣來自 “無法估計”) 。
140
institutionalize
**institutionalize [ˌɪnstəˈtjuʃənəlˌaɪz]**
(v) 使制度化 (使眾人接受)
(MW1) to cause (a custom,practice, law, etc.) tobecome accepted and used bymany people: to establish(something) as an institution (制度、習俗)
(MW2) to make into an institution: givecharacter of an institution to \; especially: to incorporate intoa structured and oftenhighly formalized system \
[例] It will take timeto ***institutionalize*** these reforms.
141
augment
**augment [ɔgˈmɛnt]**
(v) 增大
(MW1) to increase thesize or amount of (something)
(MW2) to makegreater, more numerous, larger, or more intense \
[例] Heavy rains augmentedthe water supply.
142
futile
**futile [ˈfjutəl]**
(a) 無效的
(MW1) having no result or effect:pointless or useless
(MW2) servingno useful purpose: completely ineffective \
[例] All our efforts proved futile.
143
pressing
**pressing [ˈprɛsɪŋ]**
(a) 重大的、迫切的
(MW1) very importantand needing immediate attention
(MW2) urgently important: CRITICAL \
[源] “重” 大的議題會 “壓” (press) 得你喘不過氣來。
[例] a ***pressing*** need for reform
144
perspicacious
**perspicacious [ˌpɝspɪˈkeʃəs]**
(a) 有洞察力的
(MW1) having or showing an ability to noticeand understand thingsthat are difficultor not obvious
(MW2) of acute mental visionor discernment: KEEN
[源] per- (through) + spic- (look) +-ac- + -i- (膠水) + -ous (形尾) ，有洞察力能把事情 “看透”。
[衍] **perspicacity** **[ˌpɝspɪˈkæsətɪ]** (n) “洞察力”。
[例] The criticmade some ***perspicacious*** (= insightful) observations about thefilm.
145
clearheaded
**clearheaded [ˈklɪrˈhɛdɪd]**
(a) 頭腦清楚的 (能清楚思考的)
(MW1) having orshowing an ability to think clearly
(MW2) able to think clearly \
[源] clear (清楚) + head (頭腦，引申為思考) + -ed (形尾) ，思考清楚的。
[例] He remainscalm and ***clearheaded*** in tense situations.
146
levelheaded
**levelheaded [ˈlɛvəlˈhɛdɪd]**
(a) 頭腦清楚的
(MW1) havingor showing an ability to think clearlyand to make gooddecisions
(MW2) having or showing sound judgment:SENSIBLE
[源] level (水平) + head (頭腦，引申為思考) + -ed (形尾) ，水平表示 “平衡、不亂、冷靜”，引申為思考清楚的。
[例] She is ***levelheaded*** about her chances forsuccess as an actress.
147
falter
**falter [ˈfɔltɚ]**
(v) 猶豫不決 (= hesitate)
(MW1) to feel doubt about doing something
(MW2) to hesitate inpurpose or action: WAVER \
[例] He never faltered (= wavered) in his determinationto go to college.
[解] 此字另外有 “事情失敗 (fail) ”、“走路不穩”、“說話顫抖” 等意思。
148
acrimonious
**acrimonious [ˌækrəˈmonɪəs]**
(a) (言語) 刻薄的
(MW1) angry and bitter
(MW2) caustic, biting,or rancorousespecially in feeling, language,or manner \
[衍] **acrimony** **[ˈækrəˌmonɪ]** (n) “言語刻薄”。
[例] an ***acrimonious*** parting (決裂) between the two former friends
149
gulf
**gulf [gʌlf]**
(n) 巨大的差異 (來自 “海灣”)
(MW1) a difference between twopeople, groups, or things
(MW2) a wide gap \
[源] 來自 “海灣” (海灣是海洋和海洋之間的一個 wide gap) ，引申為 “巨大的差異”。
[衍] **en*gulf*** **[ɪnˈgʌlf]** (v) “吞噬”、“淹沒” (概念是“被海灣包圍”) 。
[例] the great ***gulf*** of timeand space that separatesus from the first inhabitantsof North America
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empirical
**empirical [ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl]**
(a) 根據經驗(實驗) 的
(MW1) based on testingor experience
(MW2) relying on experience or observation alone often without dueregard for system and theory \
[源] 此字為 experience (經驗) 或 experiment (實驗) 的形容詞。
[例] They collectedplenty of ***empirical*** data from their experiments.
[解] 此字考法多與科學相關，表示 “根據實驗的”，與 “根據理論的”(theoretical) 構成反義字。
