脾胃病證 Flashcards

1
Q

胃痛的病因、病機、辨證要點

A
  • 病因:外邪犯胃-寒邪犯胃為多

- 病機:胃氣郁滯,失於和降,不通則痛

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2
Q

胃痛的辨證要點

A

-辨證要點
1) 虛實:
虚者多病程长,痛处喜按,饥时痛著,纳后痛减,体弱脉虚。属虚者应进一步辨气虚、阳虚与阴虚。实者多病程短,痛处拒按,饥时痛轻,纳后痛增,体壮脉盛。属实者应进一步辨别不同的病理因素为病。
2) 寒熱:
胃痛遇寒痛楚,得温痛减,泛吐清水者为寒证;胃脘灼痛,痛势急迫,喜凉恶热,泛吐酸水者为热证。寒与热均有虚实之分。
3) 氣滯、血瘀:
一般初病在气,久病在血。气滞者,多见胀痛,痛无定处,或攻窜两胁,疼痛与情志因素密切相关;血瘀者,疼痛部位固定不移,持续疼痛,入夜加重,舌质紫暗或有瘀斑,或兼见呕血、便血。

各证往往互相兼杂和动态转化,如虚实兼夹、寒热错杂、气血同病等,必须根据臨床表现全面进行分析,综合诊断

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3
Q

胃痛的治療原則(如何理解通法)

A

胃痛的治療原則以理氣和胃止痛为大法,旨在疏通气机,通而痛止,即所谓的「通则不痛」。然在使用理气和胃之法时,还必须根据不同证候,采取相应治法。如实证者,区别寒凝、气滞、胃热、血察,分别给予散寒止痛、疏肝解郁、清泄肝胃、通络化瘀治法;虚证者当辨虚寒与阴虚,分别治予温胃健中或滋阴养胃。

要从广义的角度去理解和运用「通」法,绝不能局限于狭义的"通"之一法。
-如属于胃寒者,散寒即所以通属;
-屬于食停者,消食即所以通;
-属于肝气犯胃者,理气即所以通;
-属于肝胃郁热者,泄热即所以通;
-属于湿热中阻者,清化湿热即所以通;
-属于瘀阻胃络者,化瘀即所以通;
-属于阴虚者,益胃养阴即所以通;
-属于脾胃虚寒者,温胃健中即所以通。
只有结合具体病机,采取相应治法,使之丝丝入扣,才符合「通法」本意。
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4
Q

胃痛的證治分類

A

① 寒邪客胃證
② 濕熱中阻證
③ 瘀血停胃證

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5
Q

症狀:本病的主症(胃痛)+证型的特征症状(实证:暴作,寒证:拘急冷痛,恶寒喜暖,得温痛减,遇寒加重,口淡不渴,或喜热饮)+舌脉(舌淡,苔薄白,脉弦紧)

A

胃痛 寒邪客胃證

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6
Q

胃痛濕熱中阻證 治法

A

清化熱濕,理氣和胃

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7
Q

胃痛的瘀血停胃證代表方

A

代表方:失笑散合丹參飲加減

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8
Q

嘔吐的病因、病機

A

病因:外邪犯胃-寒邪最易損傷中陽中氣,凝斂氣機,擾動胃腑,故寒邪致病者居多

病機:胃失和降,胃氣上逆

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9
Q

症狀:突然嘔吐,频频泛恶,胸脘满闷,或心中懊侬,伴有惡寒发热,头身疼痛,舌苔白腻,脉濡。

A

嘔吐:外邪犯胃證

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10
Q

噎膈的病因

A

1.飲食不節 2.七情內傷 3. 久病年老

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11
Q

腹痛定義

A

是指胃脘以下,耻骨毛际以上部位发生疼痛为主要表现的病证。

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12
Q

腹痛飲食積滯證代表方

A

① 飲食積滯證
代表方:枳實導滯丸加減
-如食滯不重,腹痛較輕者,用保和丸消食導滯

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13
Q

痢疾的病因中外感時疫邪毒

A

外感時疫邪毒:1.疫毒之邪,2.湿热之邪,3.寒湿之邪

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14
Q

症狀:本病的主证(痢下赤白黏凍,或下鲜血,脓血粘稠,日久不愈,脐腹灼痛,虚坐努责)+证型的特征症状(食少,口干心烦,至夜转剧)+舌脉(舌红绛少津,苔少或花剥,脉细数)代表方

A

① 陰虛痢

代表方:驻车丸加減

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15
Q

症狀:本病主症(泄泻)+证型的特征症状(实证:腹痛,泻下急迫,湿:泻而不爽,粪色黄褐,气味臭秽,热:肛门灼热,烦热口渴,小便短黄)+舌脉(舌红,苔黄腻,脉滑数或濡数)

A

泄瀉:濕熱證

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16
Q

便秘的病因

A

1.饮食不节 2.情志失调 3.年老体虚 4.感受外邪

17
Q

症狀:本病的主症(大便干结)+证型的特征症状:(腑气不通:腹胀腹痛,热证:口干口臭,面红心烦,或有身热,小便短赤。)+舌脉(舌红,苔黄燥,脉滑数)代表方

A

① 熱秘

代表方:麻子仁丸加減

18
Q

症狀:本病的主症(大便并不干硬,虽有便意,但排便困难。)+证型的特征症状:(用力努挣则汗出短气,便后乏力,面白神疲,肢倦懒言。)+舌脉(舌淡,苔白,脉弱。)代表方

A

② 氣虛秘

代表方:黄芪汤