. Flashcards
(12 cards)
Functions of the Skeleton
What are the primary functions of the skeleton?
The skeleton provides:
Shape and support
Muscle attachment for movement
Protection of vital organs
Red blood cell production (in bone marrow)
Bone Locations
Name the bones
Cranium
Lower Body Bones
Where are these lower body bones located?
Ribs
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia and Fibula
Patella
Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalang
Ribs: Protects lungs and heart
Pelvis: Supports the spine and protects lower abdominal organs
Femur: Thigh bone, supports weight and allows leg movement
Tibia and Fibula: Lower leg bones, support walking and standing
Patella: Knee cap, protects knee joint
Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges: Bones of the feet, essential for movement and balance
Bone Classification
How are bones classified?
Long bones: e.g., femur, humerus
Short bones: e.g., carpals, tarsals
Flat bones: e.g., cranium, scapula, ribs
Types of Joints
What are the types of joints and examples for each?
Fixed (fibrous) joints: No movement, e.g., skull
Slightly movable (cartilaginous) joints: Limited movement, e.g., vertebrae
Freely movable (synovial) joints: Large range of movement, e.g., shoulder (ball and socket), knee (hinge)
Structure of a Synovial Joint
What are the components of a synovial joint and their functions?
Synovial membrane: Produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid: Lubricates the joint
Joint capsule: Encloses the joint
Cartilage: Cushions bones and reduces friction
Ligaments: Connect bones and provide stability
Types of Movement at Joints
What are the types of movements that occur at joints during physical activity?
Flexion / Extension: Bending or straightening a joint (e.g., bicep curl)
Abduction / Adduction: Moving away or toward the body’s midline (e.g., arm raising)
Rotation: Rotating around an axis (e.g., turning head)
Plantar flexion / Dorsiflexion: Pointing toes down or up
Ball and Socket vs Hinge Joints
How does the range of movement and stability of ball and socket joints compare with hinge joints?
Ball and socket joints: Greater range of movement (e.g., shoulder, hip)
Hinge joints: More stable but allow movement in only one plane (e.g., knee, elbow)
Major Muscle Groups and Locations
name the muscles
Role of Tendons
What is the role of tendons?
Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for the transmission of force that results in movement.
Synovial joint
Antagonistic Muscle Action
How do agonists and antagonists work together at joints during movement?
Agonists (prime movers): The muscle that contracts to cause movement
Antagonists: The muscle that relaxes to allow movement
Example: In a bicep curl, the biceps are the agonist and the triceps are the antagonist.
