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Question 1

What is an igneous rock? One example.

Answer 1

Formed when molten rock from the mantle cools down and hardens. An example is granite.

Question 2

What is a sedimentary rock? Two examples

Answer 2

Formed when layers of sediment are compacted together until they become rock solid. Carboniferous limestone and chalk

Question 3

What is a metamorphic rock? One example

Answer 3

When igneous and sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Slate

Question 4

What is weathering?

Answer 4

Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces (mechanical, chemical or biological)

Question 5

What is erosion?

Answer 5

Erosion wears away rock by rivers, sea or weather

Question 6

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 6

Waves crash against rock and compress air in the cracks putting pressure on rock. Repeats widening cracks and eventually bits of rock break off

Question 7

What is Abrasion?

Answer 7

Eroded particles in water scrape and rub against the rock, removing small pieces

Question 8

What is attrition?

Answer 8

rocks that the sea is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded

Question 9

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 9

Breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 10

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 10

Breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 11

What is biological weathering?

Answer 11

Breakdown of rock by living things

Question 12

Destructive waves

Answer 12

High, steep and 10-14 waves per minute. Backwash is more powerful than swash

Question 13

Constructive waves

Answer 13

6-8 waves per minute, low wave height. Stronger swash than backwash

Question 14

Headlands order of erosion

Answer 14

Cracks, cave, arch, collapsed material, stack and stump

Question 15

Example of a named coast

Answer 15

Holderness

Question 16

What coastal defences are at Holderness coastline and what named location?

Answer 16

Groynes built at Mappleton

Question 17

What is hard engineering. Examples

Answer 17

Man made structures to reduce flooding and erosion. Sea wall and groynes

Question 18

What is soft engineering. Examples

Answer 18

more sustainable and natural approach to manage coastal erosion. Beach replenishment

Question 19

What is traction?

Answer 19

Large particles like boulders pushed along the river bed by force of water

Question 20

What is suspension?

Answer 20

Small particles like clay carried along by the water

Question 21

What is saltation?

Answer 21

Pebble sized particles bounced along river bed by force of water

Question 22

What is solution?

Answer 22

Sea water dissolves certain types of rocks

Question 23

What is deposition?

Answer 23

When the river drops eroded material when its transporting

Question 24

How do waterfalls form?

Answer 24

When a river flows over an area of hard rock followed by soft rock. Softer rock is eroded more than hard rock. Keeps eroding more soft rock eventually causing a huge drop to form called a waterfall. Hard rock is also eventually eroded so collapses creating a plunge pool. More undercutting causes more collapsing creating a gorge

Question 25

What is a levee?

Answer 25

Levees are natural embankments along the edges of a river channel

Question 26

Is urban inner city or outer city

Answer 26

Inner city e.g. London

Question 27

Which sectors are declining and which ones are rising?

Answer 27

Primary and secondary are declining. Tertiary and Quaternary are rising

Question 28

Examples of primary sector

Answer 28

Farming, mining, oil production

Question 29

Examples of secondary sector

Answer 29

Construction, car building

Question 30

Examples of tertiary sector

Answer 30

Hairdressers, banks, supermarkets

Question 31

Examples of Quaternary sector

Answer 31

IT specialists, computing, programmers

Question 32

What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

Answer 32

A company based in one country can invest money in a different country

Question 33

Has FDI increased or decreased over time?

Answer 33

Increased in the UK, from £726bn in 2010 to £2000bn in 2021

Question 34

What is Globalisation?

Answer 34

Globalisation is the process of countries becoming more integrated/interconnected

Question 35

What is free trade policy?

Answer 35

Reduce import snd export restictions, making it easier for countries to trade

Question 36

What is a transnational corporation?

Answer 36

Production of goods or services in more than one country

Question 37

Why do migrants move to London?

Answer 37

To work and to study for higher paying salaries

Question 38

What is quantitative data?

Answer 38

Numerical data e.g. scale -2 to 2

Question 39

What is Qualitative data?

Answer 39

Information that can't be measured e.g. opinions