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Question 1

What is a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)?

Answer 1

A BJT is a 3-layer, 3-terminal component used to amplify electrical signals, featuring emitter, base, and collector layers.

Question 2

What are the two types of BJTs?

Answer 2

• NPN
• PNP

Question 3

What are the four modes of BJT biasing?

Answer 3

• Saturation
• Cut-off
• Active
• Inverse

Question 4

What are the three configurations of BJTs?

Answer 4

• Common Base (CB)
• Common Emitter (CE)
• Common Collector (CC)

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the Common Base (CB) configuration?

Answer 5

Low input impedance, high output impedance with low current gain

Question 6

What is the main use of the Common Emitter (CE) configuration?

Answer 6

Commonly used for transistor-based amplifiers, providing high current and voltage gain.

Question 7

What are the regions of operation for BJTs?

Answer 7

• Active Region
• Saturation Region
• Cutoff Region

Question 8

How do transistors function as switches?

Answer 8

By operating in cutoff (open switch) and saturation (closed switch) regions.

Question 9

What is a Field Effect Transistor (FET)?

Answer 9

A three-terminal unipolar device controlled by voltage at the gate.

Question 10

What are the two main types of FETs?

Answer 10

• Junction FETs (JFETs)
• Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs)

Question 11

What is the difference between N-channel and P-channel JFETs?

Answer 11

N-channel uses N-type material for conduction, while P-channel uses P-type.

Question 12

What is the function of the pinch-off voltage (VP) in JFETs?

Answer 12

The drain-source voltage at which drain current becomes nearly constant.

Question 13

What is IDSS in JFETs?

Answer 13

Maximum drain current in saturation when VGS = 0V.

Question 14

What distinguishes Enhancement-Type MOSFETs (E-MOSFETs)?

Answer 14

They operate only in enhancement mode and have no physical channel.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The minimum gate-to-source voltage needed to create the inversion layer in E-MOSFETs is called the _______.

Answer 15

threshold voltage VGS(th)

Question 16

What is the main advantage of FETs over BJTs?

Answer 16

FETs are voltage-controlled devices with high input impedance.

Question 17

True or False: BJTs have a higher gain bandwidth product than FETs.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the input and output characteristics of Common Emitter (CE) configuration?

Answer 18

Medium input/output impedance and high gain characteristics.

Question 19

What happens in the active region of a BJT?

Answer 19

Emitter junction is forward biased; collector junction is reverse biased, used for amplification.

Question 20

In a N-channel JFET, what happens when a positive voltage is applied?

Answer 20

Electrons flow from source to drain, creating drain current.

Question 21

What is the primary use of the Common Collector (CC) configuration?

Answer 21

Used as a buffer due to high input impedance and low output impedance.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the gate terminal in FETs?

Answer 22

Controls the current flow through the channel by applying voltage.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: A _______ MOSFET can operate in both depletion and enhancement modes.

Answer 23

Depletion-Type

Question 24

What is the difference in operation between JFETs and MOSFETs?

Answer 24

JFETs are controlled by gate voltage affecting current flow; MOSFETs utilize an insulated gate to control channel conductivity.

Question 25

What effect does a negative gate voltage have on a DE MOSFET?

Answer 25

It depletes the channel, reducing the flow of current.

Question 26

What is the effect of a positive gate voltage on a DE MOSFET?

Answer 26

It enhances the channel conductivity, allowing current to flow from the source to the drain.

Question 27

What is the threshold voltage (VGS(th)) in E-MOSFETs?

Answer 27

The minimum gate-to-source voltage required to create a conductive channel.

Question 28

What happens if VGS is less than VGS(th) in an E-MOSFET?

Answer 28

The device remains off, resulting in zero drain current.

Question 29

How do MOSFETs differ from JFETs in terms of control mechanism?

Answer 29

MOSFETs provide greater flexibility with their ability to operate in different modes (depletion or enhancement).

Question 30

What is a key advantage of MOSFETs regarding input impedance?

Answer 30

They typically have higher input impedance due to their insulated gate structure.

Question 31

Why are FETs generally preferred over BJTs in sensitive applications?

Answer 31

FETs exhibit lower noise levels compared to BJTs.

Question 32

List three advantages of FETs over BJTs.

Answer 32

* High Input Impedance * Less Sensitivity to Temperature Changes * Integration and Miniaturization

Question 33

What does high input impedance in FETs reduce in circuits?

Answer 33

It reduces loading on preceding stages.

Question 34

How do FETs perform under varying temperatures compared to BJTs?

Answer 34

FETs demonstrate better temperature stability.

Question 35

What is a significant manufacturing advantage of FETs?

Answer 35

They can be more easily fabricated into integrated circuits (ICs).

Question 36

What are FETs essential for in modern electronics?

Answer 36

They are critical for both analog and digital circuits.

Question 37

Why is it vital to understand the structure, operation, and characteristics of FETs?

Answer 37

For effective application in technology development.

Question 38

True or False: FETs can only operate in one mode.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Fill in the blank: FETs offer versatility in application due to their ability to operate in various _______.

Answer 39

[modes]