0 All Topics Flashcards

Question

Is RAM volatile or non volatile? (1)

Answer 1

Volatile (1)

Answer 2

When RAM is full (1) secondary storage is used as temporary RAM (1)

Answer 3

When RAM is full (1) data from RAM is moved to secondary storage to make space (1) RAM can then be filled with new data (1) When data in virtual memory is needed it is moved back to RAM (1)

Answer 4

To store files (1) including when the computer is turned off (1)

Answer 5

Large capacity (1) relatively cheap (1) sensitive to movement due to moving parts (1)

Answer 6

Lower capacity (1) relatively expensive (1) no moving parts so not sensitive to movement (1)

Answer 7

Low capacity (1) very cheap per disc (1) moving parts so can't be moved while running (1)

Answer 8

Cost Capacity Reliability Speed Portability Durability (Computers Can Really Store Petabytes of Data)

Answer 9

Magnetic Disk (1) Optical Disk (1) Solid State (1)

Answer 10

Computers can only understand binary (1)

Answer 11

Sample rate (1) x duration in seconds (1) x bit depth (1)

Answer 12

Colour depth (1) x image height in pixels (1) x image width in pixels (1)

Answer 13

Bits per character (1) x number of characters (1)

Answer 14

Bit Nibble Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte

Answer 15

Divide by 1000 per step (unless it's nibbles or bits to byte)

Answer 16

Multiply by 1000 per step (unless it's bytes to nibble / bit)

Answer 17

10010111 (1 mark per nibble)

Answer 18

0 + 0 = 0. 0 + 1 = 1. 1 + 1 = 0 carry 1. 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 carry 1.

Answer 19

An extra carry bit (1) that cannot fit into the bits provided (1).

Answer 20

CB (one mark per digit)

Answer 21

93 (one mark per digit)

Answer 22

11111010 (one mark per nibble)

Answer 23

Move all of the bits 1 place to the left.

Answer 24

Move all the bits 1 place to the right.

Answer 25

The characters a computer system understands / displays.

Answer 26

Each character in a character set has a unique binary value. (1) The binary values of each character are recalled in order. (1)

Answer 27

The image is split up into pixels. (1) Each pixel is given a binary code. (1) Which represents the colour of that pixel. (1)

Answer 28

Data about data. Data about an image / sound file.

Answer 29

Height (1) width (1) colour depth (1) resolution (1) author (1)

Answer 30

More colours will be available (1) file size will increase (1)

Answer 31

More pixels will be used, increasing the detail of the image. (1) The file size will increase (1)

Answer 32

The height of the sound wave is sampled at regular intervals (1) and converted to binary (1)

Answer 33

The sound reproduced will be closer to the original (1) but file size will increase (1)

Answer 34

The wavelength is sampled more often so the sound reproduced will be closer to the original (1) but file size will increase (1)

Answer 35

It reduces file size (1) so files take less space on secondary storage (1)

Answer 36

Lossy means the decompressed file is not identical to the original (1) however the difference is unlikely to be noticed by humans. (1) Lossy will decrease file size (1) so files are easier to store or send. (1)

Answer 37

Lossless means the decompressed file is identical to the original. (1) The file size will decrease, but not as much as lossy. (1)

Answer 38

LAN (Local Area Network) & WAN (Wide Area Network)

Answer 39

Computers connected together (1) in a small geographic area (1)

Answer 40

A network over a large geographic area (1) that uses external hardware or the internet (1)

Answer 41

Bandwidth of network (1) number of devices connected (1) distance to WAP if wireless (1)

Answer 42

It connects devices on a network (1) using MAC addresses (1)

Answer 43

It connects networks together eg network to internet (1) using IP addresses.

Answer 44

It broadcasts a wireless signal allowing devices to communicate with a network (1)

Answer 45

Stores the device's MAC address (1) allows the device to connect to networks (1)

Answer 46

Devices are directly connected to each other (1) devices are independent / equal (1) devices install software / updates individually (1) if any device fails the remainder can continue (1)

Answer 47

Devices are connected via a switch (1) software and updates can be installed from a central machine (1) requires a specialist to set up (1) hard to add new nodes (1)

Answer 48

Ethernet(1)

Answer 49

Wi-fi (1) Bluetooth (1)

Answer 50

An algorithm(1) that disguises data (1) so it can only be understood by authorised users (1)

Answer 51

4 bytes long (1) normally written in denary (1) configured in software (1).

Answer 52

16 bytes long (1) normally written in hex (1) configured in software (1).

Answer 53

6 bytes long(1) normally written in hex (1) configured by hardware (1).

Answer 54

IP addressing (1)

Answer 55

MAC addressing (1)

Answer 56

Rules that allow hardware and software made by different providers to interact (1). Eg Ethernet or HTML

Answer 57

A set of rules for data transmission (1)

Answer 58

IP finds the address of a device (1) TCP transfers data (1)

Answer 59

Transmitting websites (HTML) (1)

Answer 60

Transmits websites securely (1) using encryption (1)

Answer 61

A division of network functionality (1) (This means it's one part of the algorithms that make a network run)

Answer 62

Layers are self contained (1) which allows different developers to concentrate on one aspect of the network. (1) A layer can be taken out and edited without affecting other layers (1) which means different vendors and systems can work together. (1)

Answer 63

File Transfer Protocol (1) transfers files using client / server. (1)

Answer 64

Post Office Protocol. (1) An email protocol (1) that delivers an e-mail and doesn't keep a copy on a server. (1)

Answer 65

Instant Message Access Protocol. (1) An email protocol (1) that allows a user to access emails stored on a server. (1)

Answer 66

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. (1) An email protocol (1) for sending emails. (1)

Answer 67

HTTP (1) HTTPS (1) FTP (1)

Answer 68

Ethernet(1)

Answer 69

POP3 (1) IMAP (1) SMTP (1)

Answer 70

A program attempting all possible combinations (1)

Answer 71

Data transmissions being read by unauthorised users or programs (1)

Answer 72

Software that damages or deletes data (1)

Answer 73

Stealing data by tricking users (1)

Answer 74

Writing code in an input box to access data (1)

Answer 75

Malware (1) Social engineering / Phishing (1) Brute-force attacks (1) Denial of service (DDoS) (1) Data interception (1) SQL injection (1)

Answer 76

Overloading a server with requests so it can't serve data (1)

Answer 77

Use a strong password (1) limit number of password attempts (1) firewall (1)

Answer 78

Encryption (1)

Answer 79

Anti-virus (1)

Answer 80

Network policy (1) firewall (1)

Answer 81

Looking for security flaws in a network (1)

Answer 82

Training (1)

Answer 83

Use a proxy server (1) or a firewall (1)

Answer 84

Penetration testing (1) Anti-malware software (1) Firewalls (1) User access levels (1) passwords (1) encryption (1) physical security (1)

Answer 85

Methods to prevent access to hardware (1) eg locks on doors (1)

Answer 86

A set of rules (1) that govern what users can do on a network (1)

Answer 87

At least one uppercase letter (1) lowercase letter (1) and number / symbol (1)

Answer 88

User Interface (1) File management (1) User management (1) Memory management (1) Peripheral management (1)

Answer 89

Displays output (1) to the user and allows them to interface with the hardware (1)

Answer 90

Allocating space in secondary storage for files (1) allowing users to open and rename / delete / create etc. files (1)

Answer 91

Creating user accounts and passwords (1) allocating space in memory for users' data (1) setting rules for what users are allowed to do (1)

Answer 92

Transfering data between different areas of memory (1) eg moving data from secondary storage to primary memory (1)

Answer 93

Allowing the user and operating system to interface with additional hardware (1)

Answer 94

Software that allows an operating system to interface with peripheral devices (1)

Answer 95

An operating system appearing to do several tasks at once (1)

Answer 96

An operating system doing several tasks at once using a multi-core processor (1)

Answer 97

The instructions for the current task are moved into primary memory when needed (1) then moved out so other tasks can be completed (1)

Answer 98

A desktop where icons for programs can be arranged (1) windows to show file structures (1) menus to access applications (1)

Answer 99

Software that performs a specific task (1) to aid the computer in running (1)

Answer 100

Software that disguises data (1) using an algorithm (1) so only authorised users can understand it (1)

Answer 101

Files on the hard disk are moved (1) so files are stored together (1) so fewer disk accesses are needed (1)

Answer 102

It takes less time to access a file because the data is stored contiguously (together in order) (1) so the HDD doesn't need to move as far to read the next piece of data (1) because it will be in the next memory location (1)

Answer 103

Backup (1) Encryption (1) Compression (1) Firewall (1) anti-virus (1)

Answer 104

It uses an algorithm (1) to remove repeated or unnecessary data (1) It could be lossy or lossless (1) lossy removes data permanently. Lossless means original file will be restored (1)

Answer 105

Place files in folders (1) rename folders (1) delete files (1) create folders. (1) etc.

Answer 106

The Data Protection Act 2018 (1) Computer Misuse Act 1990 (1) Copyright Designs and Patents act 1988 (1)

Answer 107

Open source - anyone is able to see the code (1) and proprietary - users must pay to use the software. (1)

Answer 108

Data collected must be accurate (1) must not be shared without consent (1) and must not be used unfairly (1)

Answer 109

It is illegal to possess or use (1) tools to access unauthorised data (1)

Answer 110

You own the rights to a creative product when you create it (1) other people or companies must get your permission to use it or face a fine (1)

Answer 111

It's usually free to use (1) they can adapt it or add features (1)

Answer 112

They can charge a fee to use it (1) They can restrict what users can do (1)

Answer 113

They use rare materials that must be dug out of the ground (1) they are made using toxic chemicals which must be disposed of (1) when they are thrown away they create e-waste (1)

Answer 114

They contribute to dematerialisation - reducing the amount of things people need (1) they allow research on green energy (1) they allow people to communicate digitally - reducing the need for paper and transport (1)

Answer 115

They allow people to connect with other people anywhere in the world (1) They reduce loneliness through allowing easier contact (1) they allow art and cultural artefacts to be shared for free (1)

Answer 116

They create the environment for cyberbullying (1) they expose people to online dangers e.g. phishing and malware (1) They encourage users to spend less time together in person which can lead to loneliness (1)

Answer 117

Translators [1] run time environments [1] editors [1] error diagnostics [1]

Answer 118

Autocomplete [1] colour highlighting [1] automatic indentation [1] stepping [1]

Answer 119

Break points allow the code to stop at specific points [1] stepping allows the programmer to run the program line by line [1] error diagnostics tell the programmer the errors in the code [1]

Answer 120

Close to english [1] work on a range of devices [1] need to be translated [1]

Answer 121

Close to binary [1] may only work on one type of device [1] may not need to be translated [1]

Answer 122

The processor can only understand machine code. [1] code is usually not written in machine code, so needs to be translated. [1]

Answer 123

Converts code to low level in one go [1] Creates an executable file [1] users have no access to source code once compiled [1]

Answer 124

Converts code to low level line by line [1] Stops running when it finds an error [1] It's usually quicker to interpret than to compile [1]

Answer 125

Check the program meets the user requirements [1] Check the program works as intended [1] Check the program doesn't crash when invalid values are entered [1]

Answer 126

Iterative - during development. Testing while making changes [1] Final - when development is complete. [1]

Answer 127

Normal - valid data [1] Boundary - the edges of the valid data [1] Erroneous - invalid data [1]

Answer 128

An error that breaks the rules of the programming language [1]

Answer 129

An error that will not stop the code from running [1] but produces an unexpected outcome [1]

Answer 130

Comments [1] Indentation [1] Use of subroutines [1] Sensible variable names [1]

Answer 131

Predicting ways that users may break a system [1] and planning ways to prevent it [1]

Answer 132

Requiring a username and password [1] to prevent unauthorised access to data [1]

Answer 133

Checking that an input meets requirements [1] and is the right data type [1]

Answer 134

To predict all possible outputs [1] from a program given all possible inputs [1]

Answer 135

AND [1] OR [1] NOT [1]

Answer 136

Both inputs must be True / 1 [1]

Answer 137

One or both inputs must be True / 1 [1]

Answer 138

Input must be False [1] (A NOT gate flips the input)

Answer 139

SELECT [1] FROM [1] WHERE [1]

Answer 140

SELECT * from users

Answer 141

SELECT firstname, secondname FROM customers WHERE firstname = 'Dave'

Answer 142

SELECT username FROM users WHERE age > 13

Answer 143

Abstraction [1] Decomposition [1] Algorithmic thinking [1]

Answer 144

Removing unnecessary detail [1] to focus on the important parts of a problem [1]

Answer 145

Breaking a large problem down into smaller problems [1] until the problems are small enough to solve [1]

Answer 146

Structuring a problem so it can be solved by a computer [1] usually by making it quantitative [1]

Answer 147

Sequence [1] Selection [1] Iteration [1]

Answer 148

Instructions in order [1] processed one after the other [1]

Answer 149

Repeating sections of code [1] until conditions are met [1]

Answer 150

Choosing which code to run [1] based on a decision [1]

Answer 151

Assign the input to a variable [1]

Answer 152

A diagram that shows the problem you're solving at the top [1] then breaks the problem down into smaller problems below [1] then breaks those problems down into smaller problems etc [1]

Answer 153

Look at each item in order [1] starting at the beginning [1] until the item is found and the position of the item is returned [1] or the end of the list is reached and the search returns not found. [1]

Answer 154

It must be in order [1]

Answer 155

Find the middle of a list (round down if it would be a decimal) [1] If it's the number searched for, return the index of the number [1] If it is higher than the number, discard the middle number and lower half of list and repeat [1] If it is lower than the number, discard the middle number and the upper half of list and repeat. [1] If only one value is left and it's not the number we're looking for, the number is not in the list [1]

Answer 156

2 4 6 7 8 # Find middle number - 6. # 6 is lower than 7 so discard 6 and lower half of list. 7 8 # Find middle number - between 7 and 8, so go left # Middle number is 7. Return index of 7.

Answer 157

Split the list in half, then split the sub lists in half [1] until all numbers are in a list of length 1 [1] Combine the lists in pairs, in order [1] and repeat until all lists have been combined into a sorted list [1]

Answer 158

[2, 9, 1] , [7, 3, 6] #Split the list in half. [2] [9,1] [7] [3,6] #Split again [2] [9] [1] [7] [3] [6] # Split again. All now on their own. [2,9], [1,7], [3,6] #Combine in pairs, in order. [1, 2, 7, 9], [3, 6] #Combine pairs, two at a time. [1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9] #Sorted list

Answer 159

Look at the second item of the list. [1] If it's smaller than the number to its left, move it left until it isn't [1]. Repeat with each other item in the list in order [1] until all items have been sorted. [1]

Answer 160

9, 3, 6, 2, 4 #Initial list 3, 9, 6, 2, 4 # 3 moved left as it's smaller than 9. 3, 6, 9, 2, 4 # 6 moved left as it's smaller than 9, but stops as it's not smaller than 3. 2, 3, 6, 9, 4 # 2 moved left until it hits the start as it's smaller than 3, 6 and 9. 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 # 4 moved left as it's smaller than 9 and 6, but stops as it's not smaller than 3.

Answer 161

Look at items 1 and 2 in the list. [1] If they're not in order, swap them. [1] Repeat the process, moving along by 1 each time until the end of the list is reached. [1] If any swaps have been made, go back to the start of the list and repeat. [1]

Answer 162

4, 5, 2, 3 # Initial list (4, 5), 2, 3 # 4 and 5 are in order, so don't swap. 4, (2, 5), 3 # 5 and 2 are not in order, so swap. 4, 2, (3, 5) # 5 and 3 are not in order, so swap. #We made some swaps, so repeat the process. We don't need to look at the last number this time. (2, 4), 3, 5 # 4 and 2 are not in order, so swap. 2, (3, 4), 5 # 4 and 3 are not in order, so swap. #We made some swaps, so repeat the process. We don't need to look at the last two numbers this time. (2, 3), 4, 5 # 2 and 3 are in order, so don't swap. List is sorted.

Answer 163

Bubble sort

Answer 164

Binary search

Answer 165

A location in memory [1] that stores a value [1]

Answer 166

A variable that should not be changed while the program is running [1]

Answer 167

Character, Real, Integer, Boolean, String

Answer 168

Divides and gives the remainder, e.g. 5 MOD 2 = 1

Answer 169

Divides and discards the remainder, e.g. 3 DIV 2 = 2

Answer 170

Exponentiation, e.g. 2 ^ 3 is 8

Answer 171

if age > 12 and age < 20

Answer 172

if name == 'Dave' or name == 'Sarah'

Answer 173

name = "Dave"

Answer 174

name = input("Enter your name")

Answer 175

A loop that repeats [1] until a count is reached [1] a for loop. [1]

Answer 176

A loop that repeats [1] while a condition is met [1] a while loop [1]

Answer 177

Converting one data type to another [1]

Answer 178

A whole number e.g. 2

Answer 179

A single letter, number or symbol e.g. A

Answer 180

A sequence of characters, e.g. Hello

Answer 181

A number with a decimal e.g. 2.2

Answer 182

floats / floating point numbers

Answer 183

True or False

Answer 184

String - if you use int you'll lost the 0 at the start.

Answer 185

Real number - you need the detail from the decimal

Answer 186

Concatenation - combining strings [1] Slicing - taking part of a string [1]

Answer 187

A set of data [1] spanning multiple fields [1]

Answer 188

listName = []

Answer 189

An array that contains other arrays. [1]

Answer 190

data [1][0]

Answer 191

file = open("filename")

Answer 192

file.readline()

Answer 193

file.read()

Answer 194

file.close()

Answer 195

def findPrice (price, VAT):

Answer 196

letters = ['a','b','c','d']

Answer 197

import random # import the random library number = random.randint(1,100) #Generate a number between 1 - 100

Answer 198

Functions - return a value Procedures - don't return a value

Answer 199

Local variables are defined within a subroutine. They can only be accessed in that subroutine [1] Global variables are defined outside of a subroutine. They can be accessed anywhere in the code. [1]