0. Campbell Question Bank

Question 1

what provides the info. necessary to stipulate a protein/s 3D shape?

Answer 1

sequence of aa in the polypeptide chain

Question 2

what is the reason for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?

Answer 2

misfolding of proteins

Question 3

which microscope is used to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Answer 3

Light microscope- LM

Question 4

which microscope is used to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 4

transmission electron microscopy TEM

Question 5

which microscope is used to observe the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?

Answer 5

scanning electron microscope- EM

Question 6

which organelle deals with detoxification, and is most abundant in liver cells?

Answer 6

smooth ER

Question 7

what is responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division?

Answer 7

centriole/ MICROTUBULES

Question 8

what facilitates cells to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Answer 8

high ratio of surface/volume facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment

Question 9

are integral proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 9

amphipathic

Question 10

are peripheral membrane proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 10

hydrophilic

Question 11

familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by:

Answer 11

defective LDL receptors on the cell membrane

Question 12

at which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Answer 12

metaphase

Question 13

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which process?

Answer 13

the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I

Question 14

Which process facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

Answer 14

sexual reproduction

Question 15

What kind of fermentation do yeast cells undergo?

Answer 15

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 16

facultative organisms

Answer 16

organisms that can undergo aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on the presence/absence of O2.

-bacteria, some types of fungi, etc.

Question 17

a person on a strict diet and exercise lost 7 kg. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?

Answer 17

it was released as CO2 and H2O

Question 18

where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Answer 18

mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 19

what is the source of the oxygen atom used in the formation of water (water is one of the final products of aerobic respiration)

Answer 19

molecular oxygen
O2

Question 20

during which phases of cellular respiration is CO2 released?

Answer 20

1. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
2. Citric cycle/ Kreb’s cycle

Question 21

what happens to a molecule that acts as a reducing agent?

Answer 21

it loses electrons and loses potential energy

Question 22

pleiotropy

Answer 22

the ability of a single allele to have multiple phenotypic effects

Question 23

in which chromosome is the SRY gene found?

Answer 23

on the Y chromosome

Question 24

what does the SRY gene trigger?

Answer 24

male development

Question 25

are telomers found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 25

no
only in LINEAR Chromosomes of eukaryotic cells

Question 26

what causes the eukaryotic TELOMERS to replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome?

Answer 26

the gaps left at the 5’ end of the lagging strand template

Question 27

charge of histones

Answer 27

histones are POSITIVELY charged

Question 28

charge of DNA

Answer 28

negatively charged

Question 29

how do eukaryotic and prokaryotic codons compare?

Answer 29

they don’t
CODONS ARE AN UNIVERAL LANGUAGE AMONG ALL ORGANISMS

Question 30

what type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule (gjethja e terfilit)?

Answer 30

hydrogen bonding between base pairs

Question 31

which molecule binds to the repressor causing it to no longer bind to the operator?

Answer 31

inducer

Question 32

why do nerve and pancreatic cells express different sets of proteins?

Answer 32

because of the different sets of regulatory proteins

Question 33

the functioning of enhancers is an example of:

Answer 33

transcriptional control of gene expression

Question 34

within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on:

Answer 34

the rate at which the mRNA is degraded

Question 35

are enhancers located near or away from the promoter?

Answer 35

far away in considerable distances

Question 36

the host range of a virus is determined by:

Answer 36

the proteins on its surface and that of the host

Question 37

which viruses are most likely to have reverse transcriptase inside them?

Answer 37

an RNA- RNA-based lysogenic virus

Question 38

which type of viral genomes could be transcribed using reverse transcriptase?

Answer 38

single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)

Question 39

why do RNA viruses appear to have higher rates of mutations?

Answer 39

replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading

Question 40

what are PRIONS?

Answer 40

misfolded version of normal proteins that take many years to cause a disease

Question 41

vertical transmission of plant viruses

Answer 41

from a parent plant to its progeny

Question 42

horizontal transmission of plant viruses

Answer 42

one plant spreading the virus to another plant

Question 43

do antibiotics have any effect on eukaryotic or virally coded enzymes?

Answer 43

NO

antibiotics work by inhibiting enzymes specific to bacteria

Question 44

a population of viruses with similar characteristics is called a:

Answer 44

class