0. Case Studies Flashcards
(38 cards)
Describe the Haiti 2010 earthquake
- 7.0 magnitude
- 13km hypocentre
- epicentre 24km from capital Port-au-Prince
What were the impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake
- 8 hospitals collapsed
- 9,000 died of cholera
- 316,000 deaths
- many government officials killed
What were the root causes of Haiti’s vulnerability
- poor country due to debt
- high corruption level
- many Haitians live in poverty
- conservative plate boundary
What were the dynamic pressures on Haiti
- most of spending goes to debt and disease rather than earthquake preparations
- lack of education about them
- lack of investment into infrastructure
What were the unsafe conditions in Haiti
- slum buildings and dense urban environment
- buildings collapsed due to ground shaking
- aid limited due to damage to the only airport and few main roads
Name developing nations affected by hazard events
Haiti 2010
Nepal 2015
Indonesia (Indian Ocean 2004)
Philippines 1991
Describe the Nepal 2015 earthquake
- 7.8 magnitude
- 15km hypocentre
- epicentre 80km from Kathmandu
What were the impacts of the Nepal 2015 earthquake
- 9,000 deaths
- 3million made homeless
- $6.6billion damage (25% of GDP)
What were the secondary hazards of the Nepal 2015 earthquake
- aftershock earthquakes 6.6-7.3 magnitude
- caused landslides in the Himalayas (killed 19 people)
- avalanches blocked rivers eg Kali Gandaki
What were the root causes of Nepal’s vulnerability
- poor country therefore less money for services and infrastructure
- poor governance of building quality and emergency services
- corrupt and dysfunctional government
- on convergent plate boundary
- in Himalayas
What were the dynamic pressures on Nepal
- rapid urbanisation (lower quality infrastructure)
- deforestation increased flood risk and loosened soil
What were unsafe conditions in Nepal
- lack of preparedness
- poor infrastructure quality
What was the response to Nepal 2015 earthquake
- aid from UK, India, China
- 0.5million tents from UNICEF
- rebuilt 3/4 destroyed homes by 2019
- rebuilt all 7,000 destroyed schools
What was the response to the Haiti 2010 earthquake
- $13billion of international aid but the government only controlled less than 10% due to corruption
- 5 years later 80,000 still lived in temporary housing or camps
Name emerging nations affected by hazard events
China (Sichuan 2008)
Describe the Sichuan 2008 earthquake, China
- 7.9 magnitude
- 19km focal depth
What were the impacts of the Sichuan 2008 earthquake
- thousands of schools collapsed
- over 5,000 children died
- cost $15.8billion
- 374,000 injured
What were the root causes of Sichuan’s vulnerability
- mountainous region
- wealth not evenly distributed across the country
What were the dynamic pressures on Sichuan
- unregulated buildings
- concentrated in poorer rural areas and small towns that lack infrastructure investment
What was the response to the Sichuan 2008 earthquake
- government pledged $10billion
- banks wrote off debt of uninsured survivors
- 40,000 relocated
- within two years nearly 30,000 reconstruction projects had began including farmhouses and transport
Name developed countries affected by hazard events
New Zealand (Christchurch 2011)
Japan 2011
Iceland 2010
Describe the Indian Ocean tsunami 2004
- magnitude 9.3
- 150miles from Sumatra, Indonesia
- spread as far as Eastern Africa
What were the impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami 2004
- 300,000 deaths
- 1.7 million homeless
- $10billion damage
What was the response to the Indian Ocean tsunami 2004
Creation of Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS)
