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EU HISTORY > 0. The 100 crucial dates on European History > Flashcards

0. The 100 crucial dates on European History Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

1 January 1820

A

Riego Uprising.

Military start imposing the Liberal Regime

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2
Q

26-29 July 1830

A

New French Revolution. Definitive abolition of the Absolutist Monarchy in France (Monarchie de Juillet)

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3
Q

21 January 1848

A

Publication in London of the Manifest of the Communist Party

Marx and Engels

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4
Q

1848

A

Liberal and social revolutions burst all over Europe

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5
Q

17 March 1861

A

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy

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6
Q

23 September 1862

A

Bismarck at the head of the Prussian government

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7
Q

1-2 September 1870

A

French defeat at Sedan. End of the Franco-Prussian War

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8
Q

18 January 1871

A

Proclamation in Versailles of the German (2nd Reich)

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9
Q

18 March - 18 May 1871

A

French Commune

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10
Q

1884

A

Beginning of the Berlin Conference regulating the European colonisation in Africa. Height of European Colonial Imperialism

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11
Q

28 June 1914

A

**Assasintion in Sarajevo **of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Throne

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12
Q

28 July 1914

A

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Beginning of World War I

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13
Q

3rd January 1916

A

Sykes Picot Agreements

Europeans decide the partition of the Ottoman Empire

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14
Q

7 November 1917

A

Russian “October” Revolution

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15
Q

11 November 1918

A

Signature of the Armistice between the Axis and the Allies. End of World War I.

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16
Q

1920

A

First meeting of the League of Nations

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17
Q

21 January 1924

A

Death of Lenin

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18
Q

11 February 1929

A

Lateran Treaty. Creation of the Vatican State (Mussolini)

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19
Q

5 September 1929

A

Briand’s Proposal for a European Union

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20
Q

October 1929

A

Wall Street Crash

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21
Q

30 January 1933

A

**Adolf Hitler **appointed chancellor of Germany

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22
Q

23 March 1933

A

Enabling Act

Hitler

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23
Q

July 1936

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A

Beginning of the Moscow Trials.

Stalin gets rid of all soviet revolutionaries.

24
Q

1 September 1939

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A

Germy invades Poland. Beginning of World War II.

25
3 February 1943
German troops surrender in Stalingrad
26
8 May 1945
Germany signs unconditional surrender. **End of World War II.**
27
3 April 1948
US Presiden Harry Truman signs the Economic Recovey Act, better known as the **Marshall Plan **(proposed in 1947)
28
7 - 11 May 1948
**Congress of the Hague** (Project of European Federal Integration)
29
24 June 1948
Beginning of the **Berlin Blockade **ordered by Stalin (end 12 May 1949)
30
4 April 1949
Foundation of NATO
31
18 April 1949
Ireland becomes a Republic
32
5 May 1949
Treaty of London. Creation of the Council of Europe
33
23 May 1949
Approval of the Basic Law for the German Federal Republic ## Footnote (Deutsche Bundesrepublik, DBR. After 1968: BRD: Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
34
7 October 1949
Creation of the German Democratic Republic | Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR
35
18 April 1951
Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherland sign the Treaty of Paris, which constitutes the **European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)**, entering into force on 23 July 1952.
36
9 May 1950
R. Schuman as France's Foreign Minister makes Schuman Declaration. ## Footnote European integration (Community Method) process gets underway
37
27 May 1952
Signing of the** European Defense Community (EDC)** Treaty. | Ratification rejected by the French National Assembly
38
5 March 1953
Death of Stalin
39
29 October - 7 November 1956
**Suez Crisis.** The end of European colonialism (France and the UK) | The US and USSR decide the world order
40
25 March 1957
The six sign the Treaties of Rome, which constitutes the European Economic Community (ECC) and the European Atomic Enery Community (EURATOM)
41
4 January 1960
Creation of the **EFTA**, an initiative of the UK | European Free Trade Association (Asociación Europea de Libre Comercio)
42
13 August 1961
Beginning of the construction of the **Berlin Wall**
43
April 1965
**Executive Merger Treaty**. Signing in Brussels by the six member states of the three European Communities (ECSC, EEC and EAEC-EURATOM) ## Footnote By virtue of these agreements the Communities become subject to just one executive, a single Commission and a single Council. It enters into force on 1 July 1967.
44
30 January 1966
**Luxembourg Compromise.** ## Footnote The six agree that unanimous votes (rather than by majority) shall be required to make decisions affecting essential issues.
45
1 January 1973
**First enlargement of the European Communities.** Three new states join: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. | Begins the “Europe of the Nine.”
46
1975
Creation of the **European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)**
47
7-10 May 1979
**First elections to the European Parliament** by direct universal suffrage. This first democratic Parliament is constituted on the following July 18. ## Footnote Since the elections take place every 5 years.
48
1 July 1987
The Single European Act enters into force | Signed February 1986
49
9 November 1989
Fall of the Berlin Wall
50
12 September 1990
Signing in Moscow of the **Two Plus Four Agreement.** ## Footnote England, France, the United States and the Soviet Union renounce the rights they had vis-a-vis Germany since 1945.
51
21 December 1991
Dissolution of the USSR (Alma-Ata Protocol)
52
1 November 1993
Enters into force the European Union Treaty | (Signed in Maastricht, Netherlands, on February 7 1992)
53
1 January 2002
The **euro** enters into force
54
1 December 2009
The **Treaty of Lisbon** enters into force
55
23 June 2016
Brexit referendum
56
31 January 2020
The UK leaves the European Union
57
24 February 2022
Russian invasion of Ukraine

EU HISTORY (5 decks)

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