001 Anatomy session 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what is A?
A
platsyma muscle
2
Q
what is b?
A
inferior margin of the mandible
3
Q
what is A?
A
external jugular vein
4
Q
what is b?
A
internal jugular vein
5
Q
what is c?
A
transversus collis nerve
6
Q
what is d?
A
supraclavicular nerves (lateral)
7
Q
what is e?
A
lesser occupital nerve
8
Q
what is f?
A
greater auricular nerve
9
Q
what is g?
A
supraclavicular nerves (anterior)
10
Q
what is 1 and 2?
A
1 = sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
2 = clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
11
Q
what is 3?
A
3 = trapezius
12
Q
what is 4?
A
clavicle
13
Q
what are the 4 anatomical triangles in the neck?
A
- carotid triangle
- muscular triangle
- submandibular triangle
- anterior neck triangle
14
Q
what are the borders of the carotid triangle?
A
- sternocleidomastoid = lateral
- omohyoid = medial
- stylohyoid and digastric = superior
15
Q
what are the contents of the carotid triangle?
A
carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, and sympathetic plexus
16
Q
what are the borders of the muscular neck triangle?
A
anterior/medial = median line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternum
lateral = sternocleidomastoid and omohyoid
17
Q
what are the contents of the muscular neck triangle?
A
infrahyoid muscles (thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid), vessels (superior and inferior thyroid arteries, anterior jugular veins) and viscera (thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus)
18
Q
what are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
A
- posterior and anterior bellies of digastric
- top = inferior border of mandible
- floor = mylohyoid muscle
19
Q
what are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
A
- carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, deep cervical lymph nodes, vagus and hypoglossal nerve, submandibular gland and lymph nodes, facial nerve, vein and artery
20
Q
what are the borders of the anterior neck triangle?
A
- Laterally = sternocleidomastoid muscle
- superior = mandible
- Medially = midline of the neck.
21
Q
what are the contents of the anterior neck triangle?
A
- contains muscular neck triangle, carotid triangle, submandibular triangle
-suprahyoid (Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid) and infrahyoid (Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid) muscles - common carotid artery = external and internal carotid branches.
- internal jugular vein
- cranial nerves = facial [VII], glossopharyngeal [IX], vagus [X], accessory [XI], and hypoglossal [XII] nerves
- lymph nodes
22
Q
what is 1?
A
carotid triangle
23
Q
what is 2?
A
muscular triangle
24
Q
what is 3?
A
submandibular triangle
25
what is 4?
anterior neck triangle
26
what is a?
sternocleidomastoid
27
what is b?
mandible
28
what is c?
midline of the neck
29
what is d?
anterior jugular vein
30
what is e?
facial artery and vein
31
what is 1?
hyoid
32
what is 2?
intrnal jugular vein
33
what is a?
omohyoid
34
what is b?
sternohyoid
35
what is c?
sternothyroid
36
what is d?
thryohyoid
37
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
38
what are the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid
39
what is 1?
- internal jugular vein
40
what is 2?
omohyoid
41
what is 3?
sternohyoid
42
what is 4?
sternothyroid
43
what is 5?
thyrohyoid
44
what is a?
anterior root of the ansa cervicalis
45
what is b?
posterior root of the ansa cervicalis
46
what is c?
ansa cervicalis
47
what is 1?
common carotid
48
what is 2?
internal jugular vein
49
what is 3?
vagus vein
50
what is 4?
accessory nerve and cervical plexus
51
what is 5?
suprascapular nerve
52
what is a,b,c?
ansa cervicalis
53
what is a?
- anterior belly of digastric
54
what is b?
posterior belly of digastric
55
what is c?
stylohyoid
56
what is d?
hyoid
57
what is e?
facial artery
58
what is f?
mylohyoid
59
what is g?
submandibular gland
60
what is a?
lateral lobe thyroid
61
what is b?
isthmus
62
what is c?
right and left vagus nerves
63
what is d?
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
64
what is e?
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
65
what is f?
left scalenus nerve
66
what is g?
superior laryngeal nerve
67
what is a?
epiglottis
68
what is b?
aryepiglottic folds
69
what is c?
vestibule of the larynx
70
what is d?
vestibular folds (false cords)
71
what is e?
laryngeal ventricle
72
what is f?
true vocal cords
73
what is g?
arytenoid cartilages
74
what is h?
circoid cartilages
75
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
- medial = sternocleidomastoid
- lateral = trapezius
- base = clavicle
- floor = splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes, omohyoid
76
what are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
- subclavian artery, external jugular vein, transverse cervical and suprascapular veins
- accessory nerve, brachial plexus, cervical plexus
- lymph nodes
77
what are the origins of the scalene muscles?
- tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrate (C2-7)
78
what are the insertions of the scalene muscles?
- ribs 1/2
79
what is the innervation of the scalene muscles?
- anterior rami of C3-8
80
what is the action of scalene muscles?
- neck flexion and elevation of ribs 1/2
81
where does the phrenic nerve originate?
cervical nerves (C3-5)
- part of both brachial and cervical plexus
82
what does the phrenic nerve innervate?
- diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, pericardium, some of peritoneum
83
where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves originate from?
vagus nerve
84
what do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate?
- most intrinsic muscles of larynx
85
what are the pathways of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
right = vagus nerve going down lateral to carotid --> loops in front and under right subclavian artery and back up and medial to right common carotid
left = vagus nerve going down lateral to carotid--> in front of subclavian artery and loops under ander and behind aortic arch and back up medial to carotid
86
what type of vertebrae is this and what makes it special?
cervical - small bodies, bifid spinous processes, transverse foramen in transverse proces
87
what is a?
superior articular facet (joins to vertebrae above)
88
what is b?
arch
89
what is c?
spinous process
90
what is d?
foramen transversarium
91
what is e?
posterior tubercle
92
what is f?
transverse process
93
what is g?
anterior tubercle
94
what is h?
body
95
what is the name of this specific vertebra and what makes it unique?
atlas = C1
- has no body or spinous process
- it has 2 bony arches (posterior and anterior) and 2 lateral masses
- also has articular facet for dens of axis
96
what is the name of this specific vertebra and what makes it unique?
- axis = C2
- odontoid process / dens = helps atlas rotate around (rotate head)
- does have a spinous process, superior and inferior articular facets, transverse process/foramen and lamina and pedicles like all other cervical vertebrae
97
what is the uncinate process?
superior ridge on cervical vertebrae on either side of the body to join with vertebrae above
98
what are the main features of the mandible/jaw?
- body (chin part)
- ramus (lower cheek part)
- angle (pointy 90 angle) where the body and ramus meet
- coronoid process
- mental foramen
- alveolar part (teeth part)
- oblique line
99
what is a?
mental foramen
100
what is b?
body of mandible
101
what is c?
coronoid process
102
what is d?
ramus of mandible
103
what is e?
angle
104
what is f?
condylar process
105
what is g?
styloid process
106
what is h?
occipital bone
107
what is I?
parietal bone
108
what is j?
pterion
109
what is k?
frontal bone
110
what are the key anatomical landmarks of the temporal bone?
- squamous (flat part)
- zygomatic process (articulates with zygomatic bone, forming cheekbone)
- tympanic (inferior to squamous, anterior to parietomastoid, it surrounds the external ear opening)
- styloid process (stick out part inferior, join to muscles)
- mastoid process (bump of bone felt just behind ear, attaches to muscles)
111
what is a?
zygomatic process
112
what is b?
styloid process
113
what is c?
tympanic part
114
what is d?
mastoid process
115
what is E?
squamous part of temporal bone
116
what is A?
thyroid
117
what is b?
oesophagus
118
what is c?
trachea
119
what is d?
common carotid artery
120
what is e?
internal jugular vein
121
what is a?
nasopharynx
122
what is b?
oropharynx
123
what is c?
laryngopharynx
124
what is d?
epiglottis
125
what is e?
hyoid bone
126
what is f?
trachea
127
what is g?
oesophagus
128
what is h?
superior pharyngeal constrictor
129
what is a?
nasal cavity
130
what is b?
oral cavity
131
what is c?
soft palate
132
what is d?
vestibular fold
133
what is e?
vestibular recess
134
what is f?
vocal fold
135
what is g?
hyoid bone
136
what is h?
ramus of mandible
137
what is I?
sphenoid sinus
138
what is the clinical relevance of the external/internal jugular vein?
- if head turned to side it is usually large and visible enough to get venous access if elsewhere is not available
139
what is intubation for and how does it happen?
- to help patient breathe when they cant
- tube inserted normally through mouth and down trachea
- use a laryngoscope to depress tongue and epiglottis forward
140
what is a coniostomy and what is it for?
- emergency procedure to get urgent access to airway
- access via cricothyroid membrane
141
what is tracheostomy and what is it for?
- for airway access for long period of time in conscious patients mostly, when they cant breathe for themselves
- tube put in above sternal notch and below thyroid gland
142
what is this an image of and what are they?
- thyroglossal duct cysts, most common in children
- painless asymptomatic masses until it gets infected
143
what is cervical lymphadenopathy?
- swelling of lymph nodes around cervical vertebrae
- could be due to metastases of tumours or from bacterial/viral infections
144
what are branchial cleft cysts?
- congential cysts in the neck/collarbones
- due to cervical anomaly
- asymptomatic unless infected
145
what is goitre?
- enlargement of the thyroid gland
- often due to low iodine
- if too big could have effects on breathing or swallowing
