001 Orientation

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structure of body and their relationship to one another

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

Question 3

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

Study of large structures in the body

Question 4

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 4

Study of structures at the cellular level

Question 5

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 5

Study of how structures change over time

Question 6

Subdivisions of Physiology

Answer 6

Based on organ systems (e.g. renal or cardiovascular Physiology) and often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body

Question 7

Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function

Answer 7

Function always reflects structure; what a structure can do depends on its specific form

Question 8

Basic Characteristics of Living Organisms

Answer 8

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Question 9

Essential Needs for Survival

Answer 9

Water, Food, Oxygen, Heat, pressure

Question 10

Levels of Organization of the Human Body

Answer 10

Chemical level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level

Question 11

Integumentary System

Answer 11

Forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissue from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

Protects and supports body organs, provides a framework for muscles, forms blood cells within bones, and stores minerals.

Question 13

Muscular System

Answer 13

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

Fast-acting control system of the body that responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

Question 15

Endocrine System

Answer 15

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Question 16

Cardiovascular System

Answer 16

Blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes; the heart pumps blood

Question 17

Respiratory System

Answer 17

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Question 18

Urinary System

Answer 18

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

Question 19

Lymphatic System/Immunity

Answer 19

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity

Question 20

Reproductive System

Answer 20

Overall function is the production of offspring

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment

Question 22

Homeostatic Control of Variables

Answer 22

Involves three components: receptor, control center, and effector

Question 23

Receptor (sensor)

Answer 23

Monitors environment and responds to stimuli (changes in controlled variables)

Question 24

Control Center

Answer 24

Determines set point at which variables is maintained, receives input from receptor, and determines appropriate response

Question 25

Control Center

Answer 25

Determines set point at which variable is maintained, receives in put from receptor, and determines appropriate response

Question 26

Effector

Answer 26

Receives output from control center and provides the means to respond

Question 27

Negative Feedback

Answer 27

Most-used feedback mechanism; response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

Question 28

Positive Feedback

Answer 28

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus; may exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect