[002] The Shoulder Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the 4 upper limb areas?
• Shoulder
• Arm
• Forearm
• Hand
Why is the trunk compressed in humans compared to other animals?
Due to the upright position, we have a reduced anteriposterior diameter which pushes the scapula more posteriorly
What does the clavicle articulate with?
Medically: with the manubrium of sternum and the first costal cartilage
Laterally: with the acromion
What is the Conoid Tubercle?
A small projection from the posterioinferior surface of the lateral end of the clavicle. This is the attachment site for the Conoid ligament
Why is the clavicle the most commonly broken long bone in the body?
As it is very long and acts as the single bony connection between the trunk and shoulder
What are the parts of the scapula in the anterior view?
- The acromion
- The Coracoid process
- The subscapular fossa
What are the parts of the scapula in the posterior view?
- Acromion
- Coracoid process
- Spine
- Greater scapular notch
- Suprascapular notch
- Supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinous fossa
What are the parts of the scapula in the lateral view?
- Supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinous fossa
- Spine
- Coracoid process
- Supraglenoid tubercle
- Glenoid
- Infraglenoid tubercle
- Subscapular fossa
What are the parts of the humerus in the anterior view?
- Head
- Greater tubercle
- Lesser tubercle
- Bicipital groove
- Deltoid tuberosity
What are the parts of the humerus in the posterior view?
- Anatomical head
- Surgical neck
- Head
- Triceps
- Radial groove
What are the 3 shoulder joints?
- Sternoclaviular joint
- Acromioclaricular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
What does the sternoclavicular joint join?
The manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage and the clavicle.
How is the sternoclavicular joint reinforced
- Sternoclavicular ligaments
- Costoclaricular ligaments
- Interclavicular ligament
What does the acromioclavicular joint join?
It is between the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula
What is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced by?
The acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament
What are the 3 types of shoulder separation injuries associated with the acromioclavicular ligament?
Type l: partial ear of acromioclavicular ligament
Type 2: complete tear of acromioclavicular ligament
Type 3: complete tear of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament
What does the glenohumeral joint join?
The glenoid of the scapula and the head of the humerus
Why is the glenonumeral joint highly unstable?
As the head of the humerus is much larger than the glenoid of the scapula - it is still highly mobile
What structures provide stability to the glenohameral joint?
- Glenoid labrum - fibrocartilage cap that expands and deepens the glenoid
- Biceps tendon - attaches the supraglenoid tubercle to the bicipital groove on the humerus
- Synovial and fibrous joint membranes - surrounds the entire joint
- Rotator cuff muscles
- Arch of the coracoid and acromion process
What are bursae?
Regions where the synovial membrane of the joint protrudes outside the fibrous membrane. These reduce friction between the surrounding ligaments, muscles and tendons during joint movement.
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the trapezius?
Origin: C7-T12
Insertion: lateral 1/3 ef clavicles acromion and spine of scapula
Innervation: C3, C4 and cranial nerve XI
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the levator scapulae?
Origin: C1-C4
Insertion: upper medial border of scapula
Innervation: C3,C4,C5
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the rhomboids?
Origin:C7-T1 (minor) and T2-T5 (major)
Insertion: medial edge of the scapula (minor) and below the spine of the scapula (major)
Innervation: C4,C5
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the deltoids?
Origin: clavicle and scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation: C5-C6
