01 - CRF and other stuff Flashcards Preview

00-01-28: urinary dz > 01 - CRF and other stuff > Flashcards

Flashcards in 01 - CRF and other stuff Deck (23)
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1
Q

upper urinary tract: kidneys & ureters

lower urinary tract: bladder and urethra

A
2
Q

(renal failure)

  1. what 2 values are above normal range in renal failure?
  2. what is this called?
A
  1. BUN and serum creatinine
  2. azotemia
3
Q

(prerenal azotemia)

  1. what causes this?
  2. 3 causes of this?
  3. USG?
  4. urine sediment? kidney size?
A
  1. reduced perfusion (nitrogenous waste accumulates)
  2. dehydration, shock, CHF
  3. highly conc
  4. both normal
4
Q

(Postrenal azotemia)

  1. 2 causes?
  2. USG?
  3. sediment?
  4. imaging necessary for dx
A
  1. urine leakage into cavities or blockage of outflow from kidneys
  2. variable
  3. may have RBC or WBC
5
Q

(primary renal azotemia)

  1. due to what?
  2. USG?
  3. sediment?
A
  1. renal parenchymal lesions
  2. urine can’t be highly conc

(< 1.04 in dogs and < 1.03 in cats)

  1. possible casts, WBCs, proteinuria
6
Q

(azotemia)

  1. magnitude of azotemia doesn’t distinguish type
  2. what is more important factor to evaluate?
A
  1. USG
7
Q

(azotemia)

(USG)

  1. what in prerenal?
  2. in primary?
  3. in post?
A
  1. high conc
  2. not high conc
  3. variable
8
Q

(chronic renal failure)

  1. CRF occurs with at least what % of functional nephron mass?
  2. see increased serum phosphorus at what % loss?
A
  1. 75%
  2. 85%
9
Q

(chronic renal failure)

  1. cause is usually due to what?
  2. higher risk in young or old?
A
  1. idiopathic (probably due to glomerular injury)
  2. old
10
Q

(CRF in young animals)

  1. usually due to what?
A
  1. familial, infection, toxins

(familial rare in cats)

11
Q

(Causes of CRF)

A
12
Q
A
13
Q

(chronic renal failure)

(diagnosis)

  1. azotemia, small kidneys, non-regen anemia

anorexia, vomiting, depression, wt loss

(renal bx not specific -> not indicated)

A
14
Q

Progressive chronic kidney dz eventually results in CRF

  1. can detect CKD before CRF: look for what 4 things?
A
  1. kidneys getting smaller, ^renal mineralization, urine conc declines, proteinuria ^
15
Q

Progressive chronic kidney dz eventually results in CRF

progressive self-propagating destructino of the chronically damaged kidney involves what two conditions in the glomerulus?

A

hypertension and hyperfiltration

16
Q

(CKD)

(tx)

  1. feed a renal diet - two major factors of benefit?
  2. protein restriction only doesn’t protect kidney from progression - will reduce what though?
  3. dietary phosphate restriction may be adquate treatment to control serum phosphorus
A
  1. phosphorus restriction and omega-3 supplementation
  2. BUN
17
Q

(CKD)

(phosphorus control)

  1. use what to control?
A
  1. intestinal phosphate binders

(aluminimum salts (hydroxide, carbonate) -> mainstay treatment)

18
Q

(CRF)

  1. often give stomach stuff (H2 blockers, PPI)
  2. why?
A
  1. ^ gastrin (dec renal degradation of gastrin)
19
Q

(CKD)

(ACE inhibition)

  1. proven beneficial in treatment of protein-losing nephropathy
  2. how is it renoprotective?
A
  1. lowers glomerular hypertension caused by lowering tone of the efferent glomerular arteriolar arteriole
20
Q

(CKD)

(calcitriol therapy)

  1. proven benefit for survival in dogs
  2. why?
A
  1. decreases PTH (excess PTH is toxic to kidneys)
21
Q

(CKD)

(control of systemic hypertension)

  1. important to prevent organ damage (eyes, brain, kidney)
  2. uncontrolled hypertension damages nephrons
  3. best drug for dogs?
  4. for cats?
A
  1. ACE inhibitor
  2. amlodopine
22
Q

(progression of CKD and CRF)

  1. slower in cats or dogs?
A
  1. cats (months to years)

dogs about a year

23
Q
A