0.1 Nature And Variety Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the 8 characteristics all living organisms share?
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition, Control
What are eukaryotic organisms and name 4 examples?
Plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What are the common features of animals?
Multicellular, do not contain chloroplast, no cell walls, store carbohydrates as glycogen
What are the common features of fungi?
Do not carry out photosynthesis, made of thread like structures called hyphae, cell walls made of chitin, store carbohydrates as glycogen, they feed by saprotrophic nutrition
What are the common features of protoctists?
Microscopic single celled organisms, some have features like animals and some with plant features
What are the common features of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria?
Microscopic single celled organisms, have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids, no nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of dna, some bacteria carry out photosynthesis but most feed off of living or dead organisms
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are organisms that cause disease. Some viruses are also classes as pathogens, even though they are not living
What are viruses?
Non living organisms, smaller than bacteria and can reproduce in any living cells, they infect every type of living organisms, have a protein coat and contain one type of nuclei acid either rna or dna
What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly like substance in which chemical reactions take place and makes up most of the cell
What is the role of the cell membrane?
Acts as a boundary- controls what enters and exists the cell. It allows nutrients to enter and waste to leave it
What is the role of the mitochondria.
Where food is turned into energy the cell can use and where respiration happens
What is the role of the ribosome?
Synthesises proteins
What is the role of the vacuole?
Contains cell sap to help keep the cell turgid and stores nutrients and warer
What is the role of the chloroplast?
Performs photosynthesis
What is the difference im structured of plant and animal cells?
Plants have cell walls, animals don’t
Plants have large vacuole, animals don’t
Plants have chloroplasts, animals don’t
Plants feel firm and rigid, animals feel squishy and malleable
What are the similarities in structure of plant and animal cells?
They are both eukaryotic
Both have membrane bound organelles
Both contain nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell membrane and ribosomes
What is the process of osmosis?
The diffusion of water particles from a high water potential to a low water potential across a partially permeable membrane
What is the process of active transport?
Particles moving against a concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy.
