01 The Urinary System

Question 1

What arterial blood supply does ureter receive

Answer 1

Arteries ureter crosses: renal, gonadal, abdominal aorta, common and internal iliac arteries

Question 2

At what level does ureter enters bladder

Answer 2

At the level of ischial spine

Question 3

What is the anterior relations of the kidneys

Answer 3

Right: liver, hepatic flexure, hilum lies behind second part of duodenum

Left: stomach, pancreas, spleen and splenic flex tube

Question 4

What are the possible sites of ureteric constriction

Answer 4

Pelvicureteric junction
Site where it crosses pelvic brim
Site where it traverses the bladder

Question 5

What is urethelium

Answer 5

Lining of the bladder by transitional epithelium

Question 6

Differentiate between the two urinary sphincters

Answer 6

• Sphincter vesicae sphincter urethrae
• Controlled by smooth vs skeletal muscles, hence under autonomic and somatic control
• At the neck of bladder vs in perineum

Question 7

Describe the reflex control of urination

Answer 7

Distension of the bladder wall causes stretch receptors to be activated. This signals the parasympathetic nerves to contract bladder and open internal urethral sphincter. Simultaneously this inhibits motor neurone and cause the external urethral sphincters to open

Question 8

List different parts of the pale urethra

Answer 8

Internal urethral orifice
Prostatic urethra
Membraneous urethra
Bulbar urethra
Penile urethra
Navicular fossa
External urethral meatus