01a: Intro

Question 1

Circumscribed change in skin color with no elevation or depression (non-palpable) that’s under 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 1

Macule

Question 2

Circumscribed change in skin color with no elevation or depression (non-palpable) that’s over 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 2

Patch

Question 3

Vitiligo: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X)

Answer 3

X = patches

Question 4

Circumscribed solid elevation or depression (palpable) in skin that’s under 1 cm in diameter. No visible fluid.

Answer 4

Papule

Question 5

Papule is described as (X) in shape if it’s elevated with central divet/depression.

Answer 5

X= umbilicated

Question 6

A broad papule or confluence of papules is referred to as (X).

Answer 6

X = plaque

Question 7

Psoriasis: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X)

Answer 7

X = plaques

Question 8

T/F: Plaques are usually flat-topped

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Subset of (papules/plaques) involving swelling of skin that’s evanescent (disappears within hours) and is usually (X) in color.

Answer 9

Wheal;
May be papules or plaques (depending on size)
X = pink or pale red

Question 10

A large (greater than 1 cm), dome-shaped papule is referred to as:

Answer 10

Nodule

Question 11

Lipoma: characteristic skin changes/findings

Answer 11

Nodule

Question 12

Fluid-filled epidermal elevation that’s under 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 12

Vesicle

Question 13

Vesicles are filled with (serous/bloody) fluid.

Answer 13

Either (serous exudate or bloody)

Question 14

HSV: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X).

Answer 14

X = vesicles

Question 15

A large (greater than 1 cm), vesicle is referred to as:

Answer 15

Bulla

Question 16

Epidermal elevation that’s under 1 cm in diameter and contains purulent material.

Answer 16

Pustule

Question 17

(X) skin elevations are filled with (Y) and have inflammatory halo.

Answer 17

X = pustule
Y = purulent material (typically necrotic inflammatory cells)

Question 18

Deep necrotizing folliculitis with suppuration (usually greater than 1 cm and with overlying pustule)

Answer 18

Furuncle

Question 19

25 yo comes in for routine exam. On her face, you notice a 2 cm area of erythema with circular crust formation. When asked, patient says she noticed it had
a white top and popped it yesterday. What is the likely skin finding?

Answer 19

Furuncle

Question 20

Several furuncles may coalesce to form:

Answer 20

Carbuncle

Question 21

Erythematous, warm, tender, fluctuant nodule containing (superficial/deep) (X).

Answer 21

Abscess
Deep (pus not visible, unlike furuncle);
X = purulent material

Question 22

“Scaley/flakey” skin finding is due to:

Answer 22

Excess stratum corneum (outer skin layer)

Question 23

Horns may develop on skin as result of abnormal:

Answer 23

Differentiation of epidermis (holds onto, instead of sheds, stratum corneum)

Question 24

Hair follicle infundibulum that’s dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids.

Answer 24

Comedo

Question 25

Black versus white heads:

Answer 25

Black (open comedo): keratin/lipid contents oxidized and turn black White (closed comedo)

Question 26

Hardened deposits that result when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on skin surface:

Answer 26

Crust

Question 27

Linear or punctate erosions that result from scratching

Answer 27

Excoriation

Question 28

Linear loss of continuity of skin's surface/mucosa (due to excessive tension/decreased tissue elasticity)

Answer 28

Fissure

Question 29

Most common locations of fissues. Why?

Answer 29

Palms and soles (stratum corneum is thick and least expandable)

Question 30

Thickened skin with accentuated markings (resembles bark of tree).

Answer 30

Lichenification

Question 31

Lichenification is induced by:

Answer 31

Repeated rubbing of skin

Question 32

Atrophy of epidermis will appear as:

Answer 32

Glossy, more transparent/thin skin that's wrinkled (easier to see vessels through)

Question 33

Atrophy of dermis will appear as:

Answer 33

Depression in skin

Question 34

Moist, circumscribed, depressed lesion that results from loss of partial thickness of epidermis.

Answer 34

Erosion

Question 35

T/F: Erosions tend to scar.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Skin defect in which entire epidermis (and maybe part of dermis/subcutis) are breached/lost.

Answer 36

Ulcer

Question 37

Circumscribed, diffuse hardening of skin that results from dermal fibrosis

Answer 37

Sclerosis

Question 38

An "annular" lesion is described as:

Answer 38

Ring-shaped (edge differs from center)

Question 39

You inspect skin of patient who was referred to you for an "annular lesion" on his L arm. Looking closely, you realize the top of the lesion is not closed and it looks more like a crescent. This, then, is described as:

Answer 39

Arcuate (arc-shaped)

Question 40

Coalescing arcuate and/or annular lesions on skin are referred to as (X). Give an example of a disease in which you may see this finding.

Answer 40

X = polycyclic Subacute cut lupus

Question 41

Cutaneous larva migrans will present with a skin finding that's described as:

Answer 41

Serpiginous (snake-like; parasite under skin)

Question 42

Skin patches that are net-like, lacy, purplish are described as (X) and usually suggest vascular process as cause.

Answer 42

X = Reticular

Question 43

Coin-shaped skin lesion is described as (X)

Answer 43

X = nummular

Question 44

List the layers of the epidermis, from superficial to deep.

Answer 44

Mnemonic: Come Let's Get Sun Burned 1. Stratum Corneum 2. Stratum Lucidum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Spinosum 5. Stratum Basalis

Question 45

Cells with white halo that reside in stratum basalis of epidermis:

Answer 45

Melanocytes

Question 46

T/F: Langerhans cells reside in epidermis.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: Langerhans cells can't be seen via light microscopy.

Answer 47

False - can be seen, but require special (CD1a) stain

Question 48

T/F: Melanocytes require special stain to be seen on light microscopy.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

List some cell types in epidermis that require staining to be visualized.

Answer 49

1. Langerhans | 2. Merkel cells

Question 50

Glomus cells are found in (X) skin layer. They surround (Y) and their size is regulated by (Z).

Answer 50

``` X = dermis Y = vascular structures Z = temperature ```

Question 51

What are the "adnexae" of the skin?

Answer 51

"Appendages" (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine and apocrine glands)

Question 52

(X) glands in skin secrete contents into lumen. The cells appear to have "snouts", which is due to:

Answer 52

X = apocrine | Budding/pinching off of cell to release contents in packaged form

Question 53

(X) glands in skin secrete contents into lumen, which appears smooth (no "snouting").

Answer 53

X = Eccrine (release contents without budding)

Question 54

Thick, elastic tissue fibers in dermis are likely to be seen on which areas of skin?

Answer 54

Sun-exposed