0.2 PERICARDIAL FLUID (HEART)

Question 1

Normal volume of pericardial fluid?

Answer 1

10-15 mL

Question 2

Effusion is suspected when _____ is noted during the physician’s examination

Answer 2

cardiac compression (tamponade)

Question 3

Primary/most encountered effusion case

Answer 3

Pericardial exudate

Question 4

Infection (pericarditis), malignancy, and trauma-producing
exudates

Answer 4

Pericardial exudate

Question 5

Metabolic disorders such as _____ and _______, as well
as autoimmune disorders

Answer 5

Pericardial transudate
-uremia or hypothyroidism

Question 6

Normal appearance of pericardial fluid?

Answer 6

clear and pale yellow

Question 7

This appearance indicates infection and malignancy

Answer 7

Turbid & Blood streaked

Question 8

➔ Accidental cardiac puncture
➔ Misuse of anticoagulant medications

Answer 8

Grossly bloody

Question 10

> 1000 WBCs/uL with a high percentage of neutrophils can indicate what?

Answer 10

bacterial endocarditis

Question 11

Presence of malignant cells

Answer 11

Cytological examination

Question 12

Most common malignant cells

Answer 12

metastatic lung or breast
carcinoma

Question 13

• Bacterial cultures and Gram stains =

Answer 13

endocarditis

Question 14

Effusions of tubercular origin are increasing as a result of AIDS.
Therefore, what are the tests requested often on pericardial effusions?

Answer 14

acid-fast stains and
chemical tests for adenosine
deaminase