02 - Pulmonary Mechanics

Question 0

What are the functions of the lungs?

Answer 0

Uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide
Blood filtration
Drug metabolism

Question 1

Ventilation is

Answer 1

The act of moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 2

What enzyme is active in the lungs?

Answer 2

Angiotensin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Question 3

During inspiration, the ribs move

Answer 3

Up, allowing for lung expansion

Question 4

Hyperexpansion of the lungs can

Answer 4

Compress the heart

Question 5

During inspiration, the diaphragm

Answer 5

Contracts into a flattened shape to allow for lung expansion.

In the resting position, the diaphragm is a parachute shape.

Question 6

The primary muscle of respiration is

Answer 6

The diaphragm

Question 7

How does contraction of the diaphragm cause the lungs to expand?

Answer 7

Contraction pulls on the parietal pleura, creating a negative pressure in the pleural cavity.
This negative pressure pulls on the visceral pleura, which is connected to the lungs, allowing for expansion.

Question 8

How does expansion of the lungs allow for breathing?

Answer 8

The negative pressure generated from the expansion entrains air from the nose and mouth.

Question 9

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 9

A hole in the pleural space that affects inspiration and expiration due to inability to maintain a negative pressure.

Caused by trauma to the lungs.

Question 10

What is a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 10

There is a hole in pleura and lungs, but not to the chest, causing pressure to accumulate in thoracic cavity.

Can compress lungs and the heart.

Question 11

The lungs are connected to the

Answer 11

Visceral pleura

Question 12

The chest wall is connected to the

Answer 12

Parietal pleura

Question 13

The tracheobronchial tree consists of the

Answer 13

Larynx
Trachea
Carina
Mainstream bronchi
Brochioles

Question 14

What is the carina?

Answer 14

A bifurcation at the trachea that leads to the mainstream bronchi

Question 15

Alveoli consists of what type of cells?

Answer 15

Type I - diffusion of oxygen and CO2

Type II - secrete surfactant

Macrophages - remove particulate

Question 16

Respiration is

Answer 16

The process of converting food to ATP

Question 17

What are the net molecules of respiration?

Answer 17

34-36 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

Question 18

Does ventilation affect the concentration of O2 or CO2 more?

Answer 18

CO2

Question 19

Elasticity is the

Answer 19

Property of which an object resists and recovers from deformation by force

E = change in pressure/change in volume

=cmH2O/L

Question 20

Compliance is the

Answer 20

Reciprocal of elasticity

Deformation per unit force applied

C = change in volume/change in pressure

= L/cmH2O

Question 21

Decreased elasticity is a characteristic of

Answer 21

COPD

Slower release of pressure and air

Reduced recoil

Question 22

Decreased compliance is a characteristic of

Answer 22

Restrictive Lung Disease

Requiring more pressure to expand lungs

Question 23

These types of patients have a form of RLD

Answer 23

Obese

Question 24

The relationship between pressure, wall tension, and radius of the cavity in alveoli is described by

Answer 24

LaPlace's Law P = 2T/R

Question 25

Smaller alveoli have

Answer 25

More surface tension and are more likely to collapse

Question 26

T or F? Elastic recoil is higher is smaller alveoli.

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the

Answer 27

Volume of air in the lungs after respiration Exploratory Reserve Vol + Residual Vol

Question 28

The larynx is housed by the

Answer 28

Laryngeal cartilage

Question 29

The tracheobronchial tree is supported by

Answer 29

Cartilage rings

Question 30

T or F. Surface tension accelerates collapse.

Answer 30

TRUE