02 - the research paper

Question 1

2 types of research article (general)

Answer 1

Academic
Popular

Question 2

Academic vs popular - title

Answer 2

Descriptive title vs catchy title

Question 3

Academic vs popular - written by who

Answer 3

Experts vs journalists

Question 4

Academic vs popular - authorship

Answer 4

Statement of authorship vs may not know who wrote it

Question 5

Academic vs popular - Language

Answer 5

Scholarly language vs accessible language

Question 6

Academic vs popular - Data

Answer 6

Detailed data vs simplified data

Question 7

Academic vs popular - References

Answer 7

Includes references vs rarely cites sources

Question 8

Academic vs popular - Review

Answer 8

Peer-reviewed vs not peer-reviewed

Question 9

What type of article shows attention grabbing pictures?

Answer 9

Popular article

Question 10

What are the main components of a research paper? (9)

Answer 10

• Title
• Author information
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgements

Question 11

The title of an article should be __ and __

Answer 11

concise/brief and descriptive

Question 12

Which one is the best?
A. Hematologic changes occurring as a result of exposure to various high-altitude
environments
B. Hematology and altitude.
C. Hematologic changes occurring at high altitude.

Answer 12

A

Question 13

What is the abstract?

Answer 13

Condensed version of the paper

Question 14

How many words is the average abstract?

Answer 14

250 words

Question 15

T or F: the abstract can be unstructured or structured

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Difference between unstructured and structured abstract

Answer 16

Structured will be separated into subtopics vs summary for unstructured

Question 17

What is the main aim of the introduction? (3)

Answer 17

• Sets the scene
• Describe a controversy, inconsistency, gap in what is known
• Goes broad to narrow

Question 18

The introduction ends with what?

Answer 18

The purpose of the study and the hypothesis

Question 19

3 types of variables

Answer 19

Independent variable
Dependent variable
Cofounding/co-variable/control variable

Question 20

Independent variable - define

Answer 20

Variable that is manipulated
Predictor/exposure variable

Question 21

Dependent variable - define

Answer 21

Variable in which we expect change
Outcome

Question 22

Confounding/co-variable/control variable - define

Answer 22

Variable which can influence the relationship between the IV and DV

Question 23

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 23

Any statement that describes the relationship between 2 or more variables, based on theory

Question 24

What are the 2 key component of a hypothesis?

Answer 24

Independent variable and dependent variable

Question 25

2 types of hyopthesis

Answer 25

Research and statistical

Question 26

Research hypothesis

Answer 26

In words at the end of the introduction

Question 27

Statistical hypothesis

Answer 27

Expressed in symbols, important for analyses

Question 28

Hypothesis is either ___ or ___

Answer 28

Directional or null

Question 29

What sections can be included in a methods section? (6)

Answer 29

- Participants - Design - Procedure - Measures - Data collection - Data analytic strategy

Question 30

What is included in the results section? (6)

Answer 30

- Description of the population - Details of main analyses - Details of secondary analyses - Tables - Figures - Graphs

Question 31

T or F: there may be interpretation in the results section

Answer 31

FALSE, should not be any

Question 32

What are the aspects of a discussion? (6)

Answer 32

- Summary of findings - Comparison with the results of other studies - How the results relate to theory - Secondary results - Limitations and strengths - Future directions

Question 33

T or F: the discussion should go from ___ to ___

Answer 33

Narrow to broad

Question 34

What is included in the acknowledgements/funding? (3)

Answer 34

- Who also helped on the study - Who funded the study - What conflicts might the authors have

Question 35

What are the components of the list of references? (6)

Answer 35

- Names - Date - Title of article - Title of journal - Volume # and issue # - Pages

Question 36

2 types of source of information?

Answer 36

Primary references and secondary references

Question 37

Primary references - original research article

Answer 37

reports data from a specific experiment written by authors of the original work addresses a specific issue

Question 38

Secondary references - review paper

Answer 38

reports and summarizes data from many research papers may be written by someone other than the authors of the original work provides overview of a topic

Question 39

2 types of academic article

Answer 39

Review article or research article

Question 40

Structure of review article

Answer 40

Title Abstract Introduction List of issues Discussion References

Question 41

Structure of research article

Answer 41

Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion References

Question 42

In a review paper, what represents the bulk of the paper?

Answer 42

Literature review

Question 43

What is a review paper?

Answer 43

Should be an analysis and critique of studies with each paragraph organized into subtopics