List the 4 major macronutrients
Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats and Alcohol
What is a macronutrient
Chemical compounds humans consume in the largest quantities and which provide energy
What is a micronutrient
Chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development but does not yield energy
List the 3 types of micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals and trace elements
What are the 2 categories of vitamins and list some examples of each
Fat soluble vitamins = dissolved in fat, stored in the liver and don’t require daily replenishment (e.g. vitamins A, D, E and K). Water soluble vitamins = highly soluble, require daily replenishment in your body (e.g. vitamin C)
What are the 3 types of nutrients found in our diet
Macronutrients, micronutrients, non-nutrients
What is a non-nutrient? An example of a non-nutrient
Physiologically active compounds in foods that provide benefits but are not essential nutrients (e.g. Phytochemicals (in plants) and zoochemicals (in animals) )
What is the difference between starch vs fibre
Both starch and fibre are polysaccharides but starch has a bond that human anzymes can breakdown whereas fibres has a bond that can’t be broken down
What are saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
Saturated = no double bonds. Monounsaturated = one double bond. Polyunsaturated = several double bonds