03- Chemistry and Biochemistry I

Question 1

Explain what is meant by an ‘ion’?

Answer 1

An ion is a charged atom. An atom that has either gained or lost an electron.

Question 2

Give the chemical symbol for Potassium.

Answer 2

K

Question 3

Name the THREE subatomic particles and give their weight and
charge.

Answer 3

Proton: Positive charge and weight 1
Neutron: No charge and weight 1
Electron: Negative charge and weight nothing

Question 4

Explain what is meant by an ‘isotope’. Give ONE example.

Answer 4

Chemical elements that are the same element but with a different number of neutrons.
So they have different atomic masses.
Example: Carbon 12 and carbon 14

Question 5

Describe the association between Iodine and Fluorine.

Answer 5

They’re in the same group in the periodic table.
They’re both in grp 7.
Important because they’ve got similar chemical reactivity but fluorine is much more powerful than iodine.
So fluorine in excess in our daily life can cause iodine out of the way and can compromise thyroid function.

Question 6

How many electrons are required to fill the second electron shell?

Answer 6

8

Question 7

Describe what happens in ionic bonding.

Answer 7

Where 1 atom/element give an electron to another atom creating a positive and negative charged ions that are attracted to each other.

Question 8

Name the FOUR most electronegative elements.

Answer 8

Fluorine, Chlorine, Nitrogen & Oxygen.

Question 9

Give an example of a polar molecule.

Answer 9

The most common one that makes up 70% of the human body is water.

Question 10

Explain what is meant by the ‘universal solvent’.

Answer 10

Water’s unique ability to disolve anything with polar bonds or with ionic compounds so things with positive & negative ions.

Question 11

Explain what is meant by “universal solvent”

Answer 11

Water’s unique ability to disolve anything with polar bounds or ionique compounds.
So with a positive or negative charge.

Question 12

Give TWO functions of electrolytes in the human body.

Answer 12

• Nervous and muscular system
• Acid base balance
• Water balance within the body

Question 13

Explain the role of ‘buffer systems’. Name the main one.

Answer 13

They are there to help to maintain pH, and the main one is the bicarbonate buffer system found in the blood stream.

Question 14

What could create ‘acidity’ in the body?

Question 15

What is a free radical? Explain how antioxidants work.

Question 16

What is meant by a ‘biological catalyst’?

Question 17

When water is the medium that breaks down the molecule, it is
known as what type of reaction?

Question 18

What do the terms ‘oxidation’ and ‘reduction’ mean?

Question 19

Name TWO functional groups found in all amino acids.

Question 20

What biological molecule would you find an ester bond in?

Question 21

Give a definition of ‘Biochemistry’.

Question 22

Name TWO monosaccharides.

Question 23

Explain what is meant by an isomer?

Question 24

What is the name of the type of bond between two

monosaccharides?

Question 25

Which digests faster – amylose or amylopectin, and why?

Question 26

Where is glycogen stored?

Question 27

Give THREE benefits of a fibre-rich diet.

Question 28

Why are lipids hydrophobic?

Question 29

What are trans-fats and when are they commonly formed?

Question 30

Explain how Omega-3 and 6 fats are named

Question 31

Which types of fat are particularly prone to oxidation?