03 Ethics in Research Flashcards
(27 cards)
Generally, research would be deemed ethical if
most people would
judge the research to be morally upright.
• It should be more right than some alternative.
• Choose the most ethical option possible instead.
• You should not choose something because it is the least of all evils
research ethics
as a standard of conduct for researchers
that distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable behavior
Types of Concerns
Legal vs Illegal
• Ethical vs Unethical
• Moral vs Immoral
• Protecting your participants
Belmont Report (Est. 1979)
• Respect for Persons
• Beneficence
• Justice
The Common Rule (Est. 1991) added additional standards for
government-funded research.
Compliance
• Informed Consent
• IRB Requirements
• Required elements of data protection:
• 1. Notice
• 2. Purpose
• 3. Consent
• 4. Security
• 5. Disclosure
• 6. Access
• 7. Accountability
An error of omission would occur when
you fail to disclose information that a
consumer needs in order to understand your research.
The error of commission is
any action that is committed in order to mislead.
Types of concerns in ethics
legal v. illegal
moral v. immoral
ethical v. unethical
Moral v. immoral
We think at the societal level
Minimal ethical guidelines
Morals are based on our beliefs and values
National Research Act of 1974 (the Belmont report)—-1979
Were established as a foundation for ethics for research
Core values of the Bellmont Report
respect for persons
beneficence
justice
Respect for persons
You must hold respect for your participants and treat them as if they are autonomous agents, which means they can make decisions for themselves.
Respect for persons protects certain types of people. Who are those?
Helps protect certain classes
People with diminished autonomy/diminished capacity
People who are in prison
Young children—anyone under 18
Mentally retarded
The Insane
Pregnant women
Beneficence
You should do no harm to your participants and maximize benefits.
We shouldn’t go in trying to do harm
Justice
We should provide fairness and equity in the selection of participants and the treatment of participants.
As fairly as possible
Common Rule
Gave us guidelines for funding
Rules
Anything funded by the government must be compliant with the policy
Researchers must obtain written informed consent
Need to tell them what is going on
Deception should be minimized
Instiutioms must have an IRB
Approve the study before it goes
Recruitment procedures
maintaining privacy
Anonymous data
There is no way to link one individual with an answer
Confidential
Link data to person
7 Guidelines for maintaining data
notice, purpose, consent, security, disclosure, access, accountability,
Notice
All data subjects should be given notice when data is being collected.
Give as much notice as possible
If there is not an expectation of privacy consent does not need to be given
Purpose
Only be used for the purpose stated and not for any other purpose.
Consent
Data should not be disclosed to other parties without consent
Security
Kept secure from potential abuse
3-5 years after studying
Disclosure
Should be informed on who is collecting their data
