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03b: Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

List the adrenergic receptor subtypes that act by cAMP as second messenger. Star those that decrease its production.

A
  1. Alpha-2*
  2. Beta 1 and 2
  3. D1
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2
Q

NE is synthesized from (X) and broken down either in synaptic cleft or in terminal by (Y).

A 
X = Tyr
Y = MAO
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3
Q

Phenylephrine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = alpha1-R

Agonist

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4
Q

Clonidine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = alpha2-R

Agonist

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5
Q

Isoproterenol is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta-R

Agonist

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6
Q

Dobutamine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta1-R

Agonist

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7
Q

Albuterol is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta2-R

Agonist

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8
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (Epi/NE).

A

Epi

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9
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (Isoproterenol/NE).

A

NE

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10
Q

Beta receptors are more sensitive to (Isoproterenol/NE).

A

Isoproterenol

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11
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (phenylephrine/isoproterenol).

A

Phenylephrine

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12
Q

(X) agonist could be given to (increase/decrease) renin release by acting on (alpha/beta) receptor.

A

X = dobutamine
Increase;
Beta1

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13
Q

(X) agonist could cause (mydriasis/miosis) by acting on (alpha/beta) receptor.

A

X = phenylephrine
Mydriasis;
Alpha1

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14
Q

Main effect of dopamine action on D1 receptor:

A

Dilates renal vasculature

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15
Q

T/F: Epi is relatively non-selective between alpha and beta receptors.

A

True

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16
Q

NE has greatest effect on (X) receptor and least effect on (Y). List receptors in order of NE’s preference.

A 
X = alpha1
Y = beta2

alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

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17
Q

Dopamine activates which (alpha/beta) receptor(s)?

A

Beta1 (more than), alpha1

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18
Q

T/F: Selectivity equals specificity.

A

False - absolute selectivity is specificity

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19
Q

T/F: Epi action on beta2 and alpha1 receptors is the same (contraction)

A

False - relaxation via beta2

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20
Q

At high Epi conc, (alpha/beta) receptor effect of (X) will predominate. Why?

A

Alpha1;
X = contraction

There are greater number of these receptors

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21
Q

Under normal conditions, administration of NE will cause (increase/decrease) in BP and (increase/decrease) HR. Which receptor/messenger account for this?

A

Increase; decrease

Vagal reflex; ACh via M2

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22
Q

T/F: Admin of NE and Epi will have same effect on HR.

A

False - Epi increase HR since alpha1 vasoconstriction and beta2 vasodilation about equal (stable MAP, no vagal reflex)

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23
Q

A moderate dose of isoproterenol will (increase/decrease) MAP and BP because:

A

Decrease;

Beta2 vasodilation outweighs beta1 increase HR

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24
Q

(X) is drug found in nasal decongestants. It targets (Y) receptors to counter/minimize (Z) effect.

Study These Flashcards
A 
X = phenylephrine
Y = alpha1
Z = dilation/engorgement (of nasal mucosa blood vessels)
25
(X) drug commonly used to extend local anesthetic action. What's the mechanism?
X = epi | Alpha1-R (vasoconstriction) reduces drug absorption
26
After cardiac arrest, (X) drug used for resuscitation purposes, targeting (Y) receptors.
``` X = epi Y = alpha1 and beta1 ```
27
Adrenergic (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat wide angle glaucoma. (X) receptors for (vasoconstriction/vasodilation). (Y) receptors to (increase/decrease) fluid secretion.
``` Agonists; X = alpha1 Vasoconstriction Y = alpha2 Decrease ```
28
Adrenergic (agonists/antagonists) are used to delay labor by:
Agonists; | beta2 relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
29
T/F: Adrenergic agonists are used to treat opioid withdrawal.
True
30
(Cholinergic/Adrenergic) (agonists/antagonists) used to treat ADD.
Adrenergic agonists
31
Acute treatment of anaphylaxis is (X). List receptors targeted and why.
X = epi 1. Alpha1 (vasoconstriction to elevate BP and suppress glottal edema) 2. Beta1 (increase CO to elevate BP) 3. Beta2 (counteract bronchoconstriction)
32
T/F: Adrenergic agonists, via vasoconstriction, can reduce risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
False! Toxicity of these drugs can cause hypertensive crisis and cerebral hemorrhage
33
List some effects of adrenergic agonist toxicity on the heart.
1. Tachycardia 2. Myocardial ischemia 3. Arrhythmias
34
Adrenergic agonist toxicity may cause (hypo/hyper)-glycemia because (X) receptor activation promotes:
Hyperglycemia; X = beta2 (in liver and skeletal muscle) Glycogen to glucose conversion
35
Indirect-acting sympathomimetics general mechanism of action.
Increase availability of endogenous adrenergic transmitters
36
List examples of indirect adrenergic agonists that (increase/decrease) (epi/NE) release.
Increase NE release; 1. Tyramine 2. Ephedrine 3. Amphetamine
37
(X) drug present in cheese, red wine, and (small quantities) in gut. If (Y), the enzyme that degrades it, is inhibited, individual is in danger of (Z).
``` X = tyramine Y = MAO Z = hypertensive crisis (too much NE released from terminals) ```
38
(X) can be converted to (Y), which is a "false transmitter". It replaces (Z) in nerve terminals and can be released, but has little action on receptors.
``` X = tyramine Y = octopamine Z = NE ```
39
List two examples of indirect adrenergic agonists used for ADHD meds.
1. Methylphenidate | 2. Dextroamphetamine
40
T/F: Both ephedrine and pseudoephedrine use has been FDA-restricted due to adverse effects.
False - pseudoephedrine widely used OTC decongestant
41
Tricyclic antidepressants fall into (X) class of drugs. They function to (increase/decrease) (Y) messengers via which mechanism?
X = indirect adrenergic agonists Increase Y = NE and DA Inhibit reuptake
42
T/F: Cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants function via the same mechanism of action.
True (inhibit NE, DA reuptake)
43
(X) is example of direct neuronal blocker. It depletes NE stores by inhibiting (Y).
``` X = reserpine Y = vesicular monoamine transport within synapse ```
44
Phentolamine falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?
Adrenergic (alpha receptor) antagonist
45
Prazosin falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?
Adrenergic (alpha1 receptor) antagonist
46
Propranolol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?
Adrenergic (beta receptor) antagonist
47
Metoprolol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?
Adrenergic (beta1 receptor) antagonist
48
Carvedilol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?
Adrenergic (alpha1 and beta receptor) antagonist
49
Treatment of pheochromocytoma: (X) receptors (activated/blocked) first, then (Y) receptors.
X = alpha1 Blocked Y = beta (also blocked)
50
Raynaud's disease would be treated with adrenergic (agonist/antagonist).
Antagonist (reduce digital vasoconstriction)
51
BPH is treated with (cholinergic/adrenergic) (agonist/antagonist).
Adrenergic antagonist
52
Salt/water retention and edema could be side effect of adrenergic (agonist/antagonist) drugs. Briefly explain
Antagonist (reflex beta1-R stimulation of renal RAS system)
53
Adrenergic alpha-R antagonists are used to treat heart failure via which mechanism?
Reduce vascular resistance
54
Adrenergic beta-R (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat hypertension via which mechanism?
Antagonists; | Reduce CO and inhibit renin production
55
(Cholinergic/adrenergic) (agonists/antagonists) targeting (X) receptors are used to treat migraine prophylaxis.
Adrenergic antagonists; | X = beta
56
List examples of reflex effects that arise from postural hypotension.
1. Reflex tachycardia 2. Myocardial ischemia (increased O2 demand from tachycardia) 3. Peripheral edema
57
(X) (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat BPH since they (contract/relax) bladder neck.
X = alpha-1R Antagonists; Relax
58
(X) (agonists/antagonists) used to treat open-angle glaucoma.
X = betaR | Antagonists

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