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04 - Patient Care and Procedures > 04-01: Patient Management, Body Mechanics, Vital Signs > Flashcards

04-01: Patient Management, Body Mechanics, Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Definition and purpose of HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Protects confidentiality of pt medical info, protects pt record when stored, protects pt records between healthcare providers and insurers

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2
Q

Patient Identifiers

A
  • 18 identifiers
  • Name, address, date of birth, last four digits of SS#, Contact info, All ages over 89, Vehicle identifiers, Device identifiers, biometrics, photo images
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3
Q

5 steps of Patient Management

A

Examination, Evaluation, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Plan of Care: Intervention

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4
Q

Open-ended questions

A

Questions that require patient to elaborate and give details

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5
Q

Closed-ended questions

A

Yes or no questions

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6
Q

Four parts to an intervention

A
  • Type: What activity is being done
  • Amount: Number of sets/reps
  • Duration: How long exercise /activity done
  • Frequency: How many times/day was activity done
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7
Q

Preparation for Patient Care

A
  • Be aware of environment at all times
  • Prepare treatment area
  • Handling of patients
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8
Q

Preparing treatment area

A
  • Sufficient room to work with pt
  • Safe environment
  • Gather necessary equipment
  • Clean any equipment prior to and after treatment
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9
Q

Patient preparation

A
  • Prepare treatment area
  • Gait belt
  • Keep patient informed (Limit waiting time)
  • Appropriate pt dress: modest. safe
  • Appropriate footwear: shoes, non-skid socks
  • Draping for modesty, treatment
  • Observe location of lines and equipment attached to pt
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10
Q

Types of CDC Handwashing

A
  • Handwashing: Plain soap and water
  • Antiseptic: Washing hands with antiseptic agent
  • Alcohol-based rub: Rubbing with alcohol-containing preparation
  • Surgical hand hygiene/antiseptis: Washing or using alcohol-based hand rub before surgery
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11
Q

Hand Hygiene - Visibly soiled

A

Wash with non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial soap and water

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12
Q

Hand Hygiene - Not visibly soiled

A

Alcohol-based hand rub for routinely decontaminating hands

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13
Q

When to wash hands

A
  • Hands are visibly soiled with blood or infectious matter
  • Touching contaminated items
  • Before and after treating patients
  • Removal of PPE
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14
Q

Principle of proper body mechanics

A
  • Center of gravity over base of support (BOS should be shoulder width apart)
  • Reduces stress on musculoskeletal system during lifting, lowering, pushing and carrying
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15
Q

5 Cardinal Rules of Body Mechanics

A
  • Keep load close to you
  • Widen the BOS
  • Isometric contraction of trunk (Stabilizes back)
  • LIft with legs
  • Do not twist
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16
Q

Gait Belt

A
  • Safety device that provides level of control for PTA/PT with pt during transfers and gait training
  • Used in case patient starts to fall, loses balance
  • Can pull patient close or control lowering to ground
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17
Q

Gait training

A

Skilled teaching mechanics of normal vs. abnormal movement

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18
Q

Ambulation

A

No skills required for gait, just movement

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19
Q

Position guarding during gait

A
  • Posterior and slightly lateral to pt (about 45˚)

- On the involved side, feet in stride with pt

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20
Q

If patient has LOB…

A
  • PTA pulls pt towards him creating COG ot PTA/pt over BOS and lowers pt to ground
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21
Q

Verbal Cues

A

Providing auditory commands for specific action

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22
Q

Ergonomics

A

Area of physical therapy that includes workstation modification - moving things around to avoid repetitive motions

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23
Q

Vital Signs

A
  • Heart Rate (HR)
  • Pulse Rate (PR)
  • Respiratory Rate (RR)
  • Blood Pressure (BP)
  • Temperature (T)
  • Pain
24
Q

Heart Rate

A

Measure taken over heart (auscultation)

25
Q

Pulse Rate

A
  • Beats per minute palpated and measured distally

- Most common areas: Radial and Carotid

26
Q

Resting Heart Rate

A

HR at rest

27
Q

Basal Heart Rate

A

HR after extended rest (ex: nap)

28
Q

Trophic changes due to impaired circulation

A
  • Loss of hair
  • Dry or flaky skin
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Cool temperature
  • Blanching
29
Q

Pulse Regularity Scale

A 
0 = absent
1 = thready, weak
2 = normal
3 = strong
4 = full bounding
30
Q

Methods of measuring HR/PR

A
  • Manual palpation
  • Auscultation (Stethoscope)
  • Doppler (Ultrasound)
  • Oximeter (Blood O2 concentrations)
31
Q

Normal pulse rates

A

Adults 60-100 bpm

Children 80-100 bpm

32
Q

Abnormal pulse rates

A

Bradycardia - slow resting PR 100 bpm

33
Q

Maximal HR (PR) or Age-predicted Max HR

A
  • Highest HR person should achieve during exercise

- Formula: 220-age

34
Q

Target HR

A
  • HR attempt to achieve during exercise, between 60-80% of max HR
  • Formula: (220-age) x (.60) to (220-age) x (.80)
35
Q

Locations of palpating PR

A

Carotid, Brachial, Radial, Femoral, Popliteal, Dorsal Pedal

36
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Pressure exerted by blood against arterial walls when the heart CONTRACTS

37
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Pressire exerted by blood against arterial walls when the heart IS NOT CONTRACTING (relaxes)

38
Q

Kortokoff Sounds

A

Sounds heard through stethoscope when taking BP (5 sounds)

39
Q

Kortokoff #1

A

Snapping sound first heard at systolic pressure (Clear tapping, repetitive sounds for at least two consecutive beats is systolic pressure)

40
Q

Kortokoff #2

A

Murmurs heard between systolic and diastolic pressures

41
Q

Kortokoff #3

A

Loud, crisp tapping sound

42
Q

Kortokoff #4

A

Thumping and muting sounds at pressures within 10 mmHg above the diastolic pressure

43
Q

Kortokoff #5

A

Silence when cuff pressure drops below diastolic pressure

44
Q

Parts of stethoscope

A
  • Earpiece
  • Binourel piece
  • Flexible Tubing
  • Stem
  • Chestpiece
  • Headset: Eartip, Eartube
  • Chestpiece: Tunable Diaphragm
45
Q

BP Ranges

A

Normal: 120/80
Pre-Hyp: 120-39/80-89
Stage 1 Hyp: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 Hyp: Greater than 160/Greater than 100

46
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A
  • Drop in BP with changes in position
  • Decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or more
  • Often occurs after prolonged bedrest
47
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A
  • 1 cycle = one inspiration + one expiration
  • Adult: 12-18 bpm
  • Children: 20 bpm
48
Q

Normal temperature

A

Afebrile: No fever = normal temp (98.6˚ F)
Febrile: temp above 100˚ F

49
Q

O2 Saturation

A

Normal = 100%
Medicare payment = below 90%
Terminate exercise = 88%

50
Q

Contraindications for Exercise - VS

A

Resting HR = >100 bpm or 200 mmHg or 110 mmHG

O2 Sat = <90%

51
Q

Pain

A
  • “new” vital sign

- Subjective, but can be objectified using VAS (numeric scale or facial pics)

52
Q

Characteristics of pain

A
  • Type
  • Location
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Frequency
53
Q

Common Lab Values - Hemoglobin

A 
Male = 14-18 gm/dL
Female = 12-16 gm/dL
Newborn = 16.5-19.5 gm/dL
Children = 11.2-16.5 gm/dL
54
Q

Common Lab Values - Glucose

A

100-250 mg/dL

55
Q

Common Lab Values - BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

56
Q

Common Lab Values - Platelets

A

150,000-400,000 mm3

04 - Patient Care and Procedures (7 decks)

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