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CSB332 > 04 | Neurotransmitters in the CNS > Flashcards

04 | Neurotransmitters in the CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of v-SNARE

A
  • Synaptobrevin

- Synaptotagmin

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2
Q

Components of t-SNARE

A
  • Syntaxin

- SNAP-25

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3
Q

Which component is SNARE is responsible for sensing Ca?

A

Synaptotagmin

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4
Q

Munc-18 interacts with which SNARE component?

A

Syntaxin

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5
Q

What is “complexin”?

A

regulatory protein that stabilizes the interaction between SNARE proteins

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6
Q

How close does Ca have to be to vesicles in order to facilitate release?

A
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7
Q

How much slower is the RP compared to RRP?

A

10x slower

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8
Q

3 ways to remove NT from synaptic cleft

A

1) Diffusion
2) Enzymatic degradation
3) Reuptake

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9
Q

AChE is found pre- or post-synaptically?

A

post

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10
Q

AChE catalyzes ACh ->

A

acetate + choline

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11
Q

Which enzyme does Alzheimer’s affect? What does it do?

A

Decrease levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Responsible for the last step of ACh synthesis.

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12
Q

Medication for Alzheimer’s involve…

A

inhibition of AChE

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13
Q

SERTs are located pre- or post-synaptically?

A

pre

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14
Q

Which drug preferentially targets SERTs?

A

Ecstasy/MDMA

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15
Q

Which drug preferentially targets DATs?

A

Cocaine

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16
Q

Effect of Ecstasy/MDMA?

A
  • Increase 5-HT levels (specific effect depends on area of brain)
  • Stop axon growth and kill off axons.
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17
Q

Which transporters/NT does cocaine effect?

A

SERTs, DATs, catecholamines (NE)

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18
Q

What is given to treat mood/behaviour disorders?

A

SSRIs

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19
Q

What are dietary ways to get glutamate?

A

Get glutaMINE through plant and animal proteins. This gets converted into glutamate.

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20
Q

How many types of ionotropic receptors does glutamate have? What are they?

A

1) AMPA
2) NMDA
3) Kainate

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21
Q

How many subunits do ionotropic glutamate receptors have?

A

4

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22
Q

How many types of mGluRs? How are they categorized?

A

8 types, categorized into 3 groups
Group I: 1, 5
Group II: 2, 3
Group III: 4, 6, 7. 8

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23
Q

What’s unique about the AMPA-R? What is an application of this?

Study These Flashcards
A

It’s mobile.

LTP/LTD.

24
Q

Subunits of AMPA-R

25
co-agonists used by NMDA-R
glycine or D-serine
26
Coincidence detection by NMDA-R uses...
1) Glu binds | 2) Depolarization (Mg block release)
27
Additional binding sites on NMDA-R
- PCP - Ketamine Both are non-competitive antagonists
28
Subunits of NMDA-R
GluN1-3
29
Group I mGluR
- postsynaptic (major) | - Gq pathway
30
Group II mGluR
- presynaptic | - Go pathway
31
Group II mGluR
- postsynaptic (minor) | - Gi pathway
32
Which area in the brain is mostly made up of GABAnergic neurons?
NAc
33
Types of GABA receptors
1) GABA(A) - ionotropic (Cl channel) | 2) GABA(B) - metabotropic (open K channel & inhibit Ca channel)
34
Additional binding sites for GABA(A)-R
- BDZs and bartituates - Steroids - Alcohol All are non-competitive agonists
35
How many subunits does GABA(A)-R have?
5 (combination of 19 Greek letters)
36
How many subunits does GABA(B)-R have?
2 (B1 and B2) Forms dimer B1 - bind GABA B2- activate G-protein
37
Cholinergic innervation in the brain (anatomy)
- Septal nuclei - Nucleus basalis - Striatal interneurons (caudate putamen, NAc) - PPT/LDT (dorsalateral pons)
38
How many subunits does nAChRs have?
5
39
How many types of mAChRs are there? How are they grouped?
5 (M1-M5) M1, 3, 5 link to Gq M2, 4 link to Go/i
40
What are monoamines? Which examples do we focus on?
= compound with 1 amine group Catecholamines (DA, NE) Tryptamines (5-HT)
41
Where are DA neurons found?
VTA and substantia nigra
42
3 DA pathways
1) mesostriatal 2) mesolimbic 3) mesocortical
43
Mesostriatal tract
``` substantia nigra (A9) -> caudate putamen (dorsolateral striatum) - involved in voluntary movement ```
44
Mesolimbic tract
VTA (A10) -> limbic system | - Reward pathway
45
Mesocortical tract
VTA (A10) -> prefrontal cortex | - reinforcement, rewards
46
How many types of receptors are there for DA? What are they?
5 (D1-5) - metabotropic - D1-like stimulates AC - D2-like inhibit AC and ATP synthesis
47
Which DA-R is an autoreceptor?
D2
48
Where are NE neurons located?
LC and medulla
49
What are NE-Rs like?
- metabotropic | - inhibitory (when bound to a2)
50
Where are 5-HT neurons located?
raphe nuclei
51
What are 5-HT-Rs like?
- mostly metabotropic | - 14 types
52
Which 5-HT-R is not metabotropic?
5-HT3
53
LSD hallucinations are due to __ receptors
5-HT2A
54
Where are histamine neurons located?
TMN
55
What are histamine receptors like?
1) H1 & H2: postsynaptic, excitatory | 2) H3: autoreceptor

CSB332 (10 decks)

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