05 Flashcards by Kameron Cooks

What are all the layers of the OSI model?/ PDU carried by each layer?

Application Data
Presentation Data
Session Data
Transport Segments
Network Packet
Data Link Frames
Physical Bits

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What are all the layers of the TCP/IP Model? / What OSI layers are contained in each?

Application Application
Presentation
Session

Transport Transport

Internet Network

Network Interface Data Link
Physical

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Port 20 is what service/protocol?
00 14

FTP (Data) TCP

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Port 21 is what service/protocol?
00 15

FTP (Command) TCP

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Port 22 is what service/protocol?
00 16

SSH TCP

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Port 23 is what service/protocol?
00 17

Telnet TCP

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Port 25 is what service/protocol?
00 19

SMTP TCP

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Port 53 is what service/protocol?
00 53 | 00 35

UDP (Queries) 53 TCP (Zone Transfers)

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Port 67/68 is what service/protocol?
00 43/ 00 44

UDP DHCP

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Port 69 is what service/protocol?
00 45

TFTP UDP

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Port 80 is what service/protocol?
00 50

HTTP TCP

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Port 110 is what service/protocol?
00 6E

POP3 TCP

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Port 143 is what service/protocol?
00 8F

IMAP4 TCP

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Port 161/162 is what service/protocol?
00 A1 / 00 A2

SNMP UDP

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Port 389 is what service/protocol?
01 85

LDAP TCP

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Port 443 is what service/protocol?
01 BB

HTTPS TCP

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Port 513 is what service/protocol?
02 01

RLOGIN TCP

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____________ Is the process of combining and transmitting multiple analog or digital signals via a single transmission medium

Multiplexing

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____________ Is the process of combining analog or digital signals with each signal having its own timeslot. To transmit or receive data via a single carrier

Time Division Multiplexing

(TDM)

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____________ is the process of combining analog or digital signals
with each signal having its own frequency to operate within. The single carrier can support
multiple frequencies, or subcarriers, at once.

Frequency Division Multiplexing

(FDM)

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____________ is a method of multiplexing data from two or more inputs
and transmitting them over the same fiber-optic cable where each input is propagated on its
own wavelength (color).

Wave division Multiplexing

(WDM)

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_______________ is a satellite and cellular technology that interweaves
multiple digital signals by dividing
each channel into sub-channels,
providing service to multiple users
simultaneously

Time Division Multiple Access

(TDMA)

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________________ takes an
entirely different approach from TDMA.
After digitizing the data, spreads it out over the
entire available bandwidth on the carrier

Code division multiple access

(CDMA)

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________ Is a communication path that is a direct connection between two endpoints

Point-to-point (Pt2Pt)

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__________ Is a networking method that establishes a fixed path between the transmitting and receiving stations

Circuit switching

_________ Is a technology based on transmitting packets

Packet switching (non-fixed path, how it gets there

_________ Is an OSI Layer 2 encapsulation method for data on serial links that does not encapsulate multiple network protocols on the same link and because of this, carries no identification of the type of protocol being carried

High-Level Data Link (HDLC) only works with specific vendors does not identify the data type cisco-cisco discover-discover, etc

What are the three different types of frames HDLC uses?

Information frames (iframes carry actual data) Supervisory frames (sframes are used for error and flow control) Unnumbered frames (UFrames are used to send and receive acknowledgements for I-frames and S-frames)

______ provides a method for the receiving device to determine if the frame experienced transmission errors

Frame Check Sequence

_______ allows users to connect to IP networks using modems or dedicated lease lines, operates at ________ of the osi model. Works with many different protocols; therefore, it requires a protocol type field to identify the specific format of data being transmitted

Point-to-point protocol (PPP) layer 2 can connect devices form different vendors

______ A packet-switched technology that assumes modern network facilities are less error prone, error checking is the responsibility of the endpoints. Provides for dynamic bandwidth and congestion control features.

Frame Relay

In ________ Transmitted by the source (sending) terminal requesting the destination and (receiving ) terminal to slow down its requests for data

FECN

In ______ Transmitted by destination terminal requesting the source terminal to send data more slowly

BECN

___________ considered a layer 2.5 technology, allows routers to label data, and use specific connections and paths.

Multi-Protocol Label switching (MPLS)

________ add/remove data labels in MPLS

Label Edge Routers (LERs)

______ is a router that forwards traffic based on label information in MPLS

Label Switch Routers (LSRs)

_________ protocols are used for the transmission of voice through the internet or other packet-switched networks

Voice over IP (VOIP)

_______ defines how voice or data packets are transported over the internet

Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

_______ and _____ are the two main VOIP standards which handle both VOIP call initiation, setup, and delivery

SIP H.323

___________ is an error reporting mechanism for the IP protocol

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

The ____ utility uses the ICMP messages _______ and _______ to request a response from a remote host to verify its available for communication

ping, Echo request, Echo reply

What are the options for ping in Windows/Unix?

-t -l -c -s

What command allows you to trace the route a packet takes across networks? What's the Unix/Windows versions?

Traceroute, Tracert

_________ is a protocol used with IP multicast

IGMP

Ipv6 provides for a routing scheme more efficient then the current one by reducing routing tables thorough a method called _________

Aggregation

________ is an organizational method by which routers are assigned to the subnets of top tier routers

Aggregation

What are two abbreviations of IPV6 to make it shorter?

f2::23 consecutive zeros (double colon :0: turns every zero in an octet into one

A _____ address uniquely identifies an interface of an IPV6 node. A packet sent to a _______ address is delivered only to the interface identified by that address

unicast

Broadcast addresses do not exist on IPV6 T/F ?

_______ are used instead of broadcast in an ipv6 network but are primarily made for groups. An address is sent to all interfaces on the network but is only processed by the devices defined by the multicast address What are the two prefixes in multicast? _________all nodes address _________ All Routers address

Multi-cast FF02::1 FF02::2

_____ are unicast addresses assigned to more then one interface and typically on different hosts. A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to only one of these interfaces. Usually, the closest

Anycast

________ are the equivalent of IPv4 APIPA addresses ___________ address prefix _________ Identifies a unique interface on a network using (EUI-64)

Link-Local FE80::/64 Interface ID

What are the steps of EUI-64?

1. Split the orginal mac address in half and add FFFE in the middle 2. convert the second number in the first octet too binary 3.flip the third bit in that binary number 0-1 1-0 4. change the value back to hex

_________ are equivalent to IPV4 public addresses and are used for routing data across the internet. _________ address prefix A _____ consists of three parts

Global unicast addresses 2000::/3 Global routing prefix Subnet ID Interface ID

____________ are the equivalent of Ipv4 private addresses _________ address prefix

Unique local addresses FC00::/7

Multicast traffic is restricted to spheres of influence called _____, defined by the scope ID in the multicast address. These _______ restrict the multicast traffic to a specific organization, site, or link _________ address prefix

Scopes FF00::/8

What is an exmaple of each scope ID sing JCAC as an example 11111111F|X| Node-local scope 11111111F|X| Link-local scope 11111111F|X| Site-local scope 11111111F|X| Organization-local scope 11111111F|X| Global-local scope

1 classroom 2 JCAC 5 Corry Station 8 IWTC (information warfare trainig command) 14 DoD

What are the three methods of transitioning to IPv6?

Dual Stacking Translation Tunneling

_________ Is the process of loading both IPV4 and IPV6 on network nodes

Dual stacking

Dual stack devices are configured to perform _________ between IPv6 and IPv4, changing the packet headers for proper communication

Translation

_________ is the process by which IPV6 packets are encapsulated within IPv4 packets.

Tunneling

What protocols are specific to IPV6/transitioned over from Ipv4?

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), ICMPv6, DHCPv6, DNS

What are some of the functions of Neighbor discovery protocol (NDP)?

Automatically locate routers on same link Resolve the IPv6 to MAC conversion of a neighboring device, replacing ARP from ipv4 Discover next-hop addresses for destinations outside of the network Locate alternate first-hop addresses for destinations outside of the network Learns maximum hops and maximum transmission unit checks the reachability of neighboring devices, reducing routing errors/loops

What is stateful/stateless in DHCPv6?

full info dns server, less dns server info

In IPV4 what is the four step process of DHCP vs DHCPv6

Discover | Solicit DORA SARR Offer | Acknowledge Reply | Request Acknowledge | Reply