05 Atoms Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
The Universe
A
- All of space and time
- Made up of matter and energy
2
Q
Matter
A
- All of the physical substances around us
- Anything that has mass and takes up space
3
Q
Atoms
A
- The extremely small unit that elements are made of
- Cannot be chemically broken down into smaller particles
4
Q
Sub-Atomic particles
A
- The tiny particles that an atom is made of
- Smaller than atoms
5
Q
An element
A
Matter made up of the same type of atoms
6
Q
The table in which all elements are arranged
A
Periodic table
7
Q
The element: H
A
Hydrogen
8
Q
The element: He
A
Helium
9
Q
The element: Li
A
Lithium
10
Q
The element: Be
A
Beryllium
11
Q
The element: B
A
Boron
12
Q
The element: C
A
Carbon
13
Q
The element: N
A
Nitrogen
14
Q
The element: O
A
Oxygen
15
Q
The element: F
A
Fluorine
16
Q
The element: Ne
A
Neon
17
Q
The element: Na
A
Sodium
18
Q
The element: Mg
A
Magnesium
19
Q
The element: Al
A
Aluminium
20
Q
The element: Si
A
Silicon
21
Q
The element: P
A
Phosphorus
22
Q
The element: S
A
Sulfur
23
Q
The element: Cl
A
Chlorine
24
Q
The element: Ar
A
Argon
25
The element: K
Potassium
26
The element: Ca
Calcium
27
The element: Ti
Titanium
28
The element: Cr
Chromium
29
The element: Mn
Manganese
30
The element: Fe
Iron
31
The element: Ni
Nickel
32
The element: Cu
Copper
33
The element: Zn
Zinc
34
The element: Br
Bromine
35
The element: Ag
Silver
36
The element: Sn
Tin
37
The element: I
Iodine
38
The element: Pt
Platinum
39
The element: Au
Gold
40
The element: Hg
Mercury
41
The element: Pb
Lead
42
The element: U
Uranium
43
Models in science:
* A model is a representation of a system in the real world.
* Models help us to understand systems and their properties.
44
The atom model represented by this diagram:
Dalton's ‘billiard ball’
| (1807)
45
The atom model represented by this diagram:
Schrödinger’s ‘electron clouds’
| (1926)
46
The atom model represented by this diagram:
Thompson’s ‘plum pudding’
| (1904)
47
The atom model represented by this diagram:
Rutherfords ‘solar system’
| (1911)
48
The atom model represented by this diagram:
Bohr’s ‘electron orbit energy levels’
| (1913)
49
The three main subatomic particles
* Protons
* Neutrons
* Electrons
50
How to determine the number of protons?
The same number as the atomic number
51
How to determine the number of electrons?
Same number as the number of protons
52
How to determine the number of neutrons?
The difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number.
53
Number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Sodium:
Protons: 11
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 11
54
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Fluorine:
Protons: 9
Neutrons: 10
Electrons: 9
55
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Carbon:
Protons: 6
Neutrons: 6
Electrons: 6
56
A molecule
Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded (joined) together
57
Compounds
Matter made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
58
Is a bar of gold an example of an element or a compound?
Element
59
Is oxygen gas and example of an element or a compound?
Element
60
Is water an example of an element or a compound?
Compound
61
Is sodium chloride (table salt) an example of an element or a compound?
Compound
62
Can elements exist as molecules but not be compounds?
Yes
E.g. diatomic molecules of hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine
63
Mixtures
* Matter consisting of two or more different types of particles (different elements or compounds)
* In varying amounts
* Physically mixed together
64
Pure substances
Matter made up of only one type of atom or molecule.
65
Chemical bonds
* Strong forces of attraction that hold atoms together in a molecule
* These are broken and formed between different atoms during chemical reactions
66
Electrolysis
Chemical decomposition reaction by passing an electrical current through a liquid solution
67
Decomposition of water results in:
Hydrogen gas (bubbles)
Oxygen gas (bubbles)
68
Chemical decomposition of copper chloride results in:
* Copper (solid coating the -ve electrode)
* Chlorine (gas bubbles at the +ve electrode)
69
Thermal chemical decomposition
Using thermal energy (e.g. a flame) to chemically decompose a compound
70
Thermal decomposition of potassium permanganate results in what gas being released?
Oxygen
71
The positive test for the presence of oxygen gas
A glowing splint ignites and has a flame
72
Example methods of separating mixtures
sorting
sifting
using a magnet
dissolving
evaporating e.g. distillation
73
What property of water and ethanol allow for distillation to work as a method of separating a mixture of water and ethanol?
* Water has a higher boiling point (temperature) than ethanol.
* If you heat the mixture up, most of the ethanol will form a vapour before the water.
74
Electrons
Negatively charged subatomic particles spinning around the nucleus of an atom
75
Neutrons
Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
76
Protons
Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
77
Example properties of substances
* Phase (solid, liquid or gas?)
* Conductivity (conducts electricity?)
* Solubility (soluble in water?)
* Density (amount of mass in a given volume?)
* Magnetism (is it magnetic?)
* Melting point (what temperature causes it to melt?)
* Boiling point (the temperature that it boils?)
78
Example diatomic elements
* Hydrogen
* Nitrogen
* Oxygen
* Fluorine
* Chlorine
* Bromine
* Iodine
