05 - Endocrine I Flashcards
(22 cards)
Insulin facilitates the transport of glucose and _____ inside cells
Potassium
Insulin is a peptide synthesized in pancreatic
Beta cells
Insulin shifts metabolism toward _____ and stimulates ____ synthesis
Storage (glycogen, lipid storage)
Protein (anabolism)
Normal secretion of insulin is? In response to food, stress, corticosteroids, and other stimuli
40-50 units/day
~1 unit/hr at rest
Alpha stimulation ____ insulin while ____ increase insulin
Decrease
Beta and parasympathetic stimulation
Insulin receptors get saturated at ___ insulin concentrations, therefore an ____ might be more effective than a ____ if rapidl cleared
Low
Infusion, large bolus
Do large or small boluses of insulin have greater net effect?
Large, because they take longer to clear
The sustained effect of insulin is longer than it’s half time because it is
Tightly bound to receptors
Half time: 5-10 min
Sustained effect: 30-60 min
The biggest risk of using exogenous insulin
Hypoglycemia
T or F. Insulin does not cause resistance
False
How should insulin be taken pre op?
No short acting
Partial (half) dose of long acting
Implanted insulin pumps should be ____ or place do continuous infusion
Discontinued
1 unit of insulin lowers plasma glucose by how much?
25-30 mg/dL
Glucagon is secreted by ___ of the pancreas
Alpha cells
Glucagon secretion is primarily stimulated by
Hypoglycemia Stress Trauma Cortisol Sepsis
Glucagon is NOT a catecholamine but increases ___ just like catecholamines do
cAMP
Will glucagon work in the presence of a beta blockade?
Yes, increases myocardial contractility, stroke volume, heart rate
Why is glucagon used during ERCP?
Increases secretion of bile
Side effects of glucagon
NV
Hyperglycemia
Elimination half time of glucagon?
3-6 min
Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents that increase ____ and are used for first line treatment of
Beta cell activity -> more insulin secretion
Type II diabetes
Many do not have an adequate response to ____ especially as ___ increases
Sulfonylureas
