06 Drug list

Question 1

Thiazides

Answer 1

Diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone
Hypertension, Heart Failure, Nephrogenic DI (with low NA), act on Distal tube, raises plasma
Lowers Na reabsorb, Higher K+ loss, Low blood volume, Raise CG toxicity, less effective in lean individual. Loop D. more powerful than thiazides and usually for acute use
Side effects: hypokalemia, Lower glucose tolerance, photosensitivity, hearing loss (loop)

Question 2

Loop Diuretic

Answer 2

Diuretic, Furosemide
Heart Failure, Acute hypertension, edema, act on Loop of Henle, Lowers plasma
Lowers Na reabsorb, Higher K+ loss, Low blood volume, Raise CG toxicity, less effective in lean individual. Loop D. more powerful than thiazides and usually for acute use
Side effects: hypokalemia, Lower glucose tolerance, photosensitivity, hearing loss (loop)

Question 3

Potassium Sparing

Answer 3

Diuretic, Spironolactone, (Aldosterone antagonist)
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Act on Collecting tube, no K+ loss, VG combo Rx, block ALD, block Na chan
Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 4

Acetazolamide

Answer 4

Diuretic
Glaucoma, Reverse alkalosis, Mountain s
Proximal tube, Carbonic A inhibitor, low use

Question 5

Mannitol

Answer 5

Diuretic
Acute renal failure, Lower cranial p. Rx excretion
Proximal tube, Freely filtered, Increase osmolarity

Question 6

Captopril

Answer 6

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure, ACE inhibitors
Lower AT-II, Lower TPR, Lower Aldosterone, Lower SNS, Raise bradykinin
Side Effects: Cough, hyperkalemia, altered taste, glossitis, food reduces absorp.
Contraindications/Cautions: Low GFR, pregnancy

Question 7

Lisinopril

Answer 7

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure, ACE inhibitors
Lower AT-II, Lower TPR, Lower Aldosterone, Lower SNS, Raise bradykinin
Side Effects: Cough, hyperkalemia, altered taste, glossitis, food reduces absorp.
Contraindications/Cautions: Low GFR, pregnancy

Question 8

Enalapril

Answer 8

ACEI
Heart Failure, Hypertension (acute and chronic)
ACEI, iv emergency HT, prodrug, T1/2 6 hr

Question 9

Losartan

Answer 9

ACEI
Hypertension, Heart Failure
Type AT1 blocker (ARB), as per ACEI but no cough

Question 10

Aliskiren

Answer 10

ACEI
Hypertension
Direct renin inihibitor, Lower angiotensin I, no cough

Question 11

Propranolol

Answer 11

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, A-M Beta1 selective
Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, tremor, migraine, hyperthyroidism, panic stress
Beta, non-selective, LA-action, No ISA; v. useful group, depression, insomnia
Contrainidications: Heart Failure, asthma, diabetes

Question 12

Pindolol

Answer 12

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Angina, Hypertension (arrhythmia)
Beta, LA-action, ISA, angina commonly

Question 13

Timolol

Answer 13

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Glaucoma, Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Beta, no LA-action, no ISA, glaucoma (lower secretion)

Question 14

Metoprolol

Answer 14

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Hypertension, Arrhythmia, Heart Failure, Angina, MI
Beta1, LA-action, no ISA, Arrhythmia, common agent

Question 15

Atenolol

Answer 15

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Hypertension, Angina (common), MI, (Heart Failure)
Beta1, no LA-action, no ISA
Contrainidication: Pregnancy
Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 16

Sotalol

Answer 16

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Arrhythmia
Beta, No LA-action, no ISA, block K+ (class III), Raise QT

Question 17

Labetalol, Carvedilol

Answer 17

Beta-Adrenoceptro Antagonist
Hypertension, Heart Failure (carvedilol), Hypertensive crisis
Beta/Alpha, some Beta-agonist action (labetalol)

Question 18

Verapamil

Answer 18

Calcium Channel Blocker
Non-Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Mainly Cardiac, Lowers Heart Rate, Edema, Constipation
Drug Interactions: Cardiac Glycoside
Contraindication/Caution: Heart Failure

Question 19

Diltiazem

Answer 19

Calcium Channel Blocker
Non-Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Both cardiac and arterioles, Raises SNS, Lowers Heart Rate
Contraindication/Caution: Heart Failure

Question 20

Nifedipine

Answer 20

Calcium Channel Blocker
Dhp
Hypertension, Raynauds Disease, PAD
Mainly arterioles, Raises Heart Rate, Edema, gingival hp.
Contraindication: Heart Failure

Question 21

Amlodipine

Answer 21

Calcium Channel Blocker
Dhp
Hypertension, Angina, Raynauds Disease, PAD
Mainly aterioles, Raises Heart Rate, Edema, Long acting
Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 22

Clonidine

Answer 22

Drug Acting on the Sympathetic NS
Hypertension, Opioid and nicotine withdraw (ADHD)
Alpha2, Lowers CNS sympathetic outflow, Lowers Norepinephrine release, rebound hypertension
Side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, impotence

Question 23

Alpha-Methyl-Dopa

Answer 23

Drug Acting on the Sympathetic NS
Hypertension, Opioid and nicotine withdraw (ADHD)
Alpha2, Lowers CNS sympathetic outflow, Lowers Norepinephrine release, rebound hypertension
Side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, impotence
Alpha-methyl-dopa to Alpha-methyl-NE (alpha2 agonist, preg)

Question 24

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 24

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist
Pheochromocytoma (Acute and Chronic), Hypertension (Acute and Chronic)
Alpha1, irreversible
Side effects: Postural Hypotension, Reflex tachycardia, long acting

Question 25

Phentolamine

Answer 25

Alpha-Adrenocetpor Antagonist Pheochromocytoma, Acute Hypertension Alpha, Competitive, Non-Selective Side effects: Postural hypotension, Reflex Raise Heart rate

Question 26

Prazosin

Answer 26

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Benign prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension (Acute and Chronic) Alpha1, Competitive, No reflex tachycardia, First pass effect Side effects: Postural hypotension, Nausea, Drowsiness

Question 27

Terazosin

Answer 27

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Benign prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension (Acute and Chronic) Alpha1, Competitive, No reflex tachycardia, First pass effect Side effects: Postural hypotension, Nausea, Drowsiness

Question 28

Dopamine

Answer 28

Misc. Agent Shock to raised blood pressure (renal vasodil ?, D), Heart Failure Alpha1, Beta1, D receptors, precursor to NE Drug Interactions: MAOI Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 29

Fenoldopam

Answer 29

Misc. Agent Acute hypertension, Renal failure D, A-receptor agonist Side Effects: Raise Heart Rate, Raise ocular P., Lower K+

Question 30

Hydralazine

Answer 30

Vasodilator Hypertension, Heart Failure Direct vasodilate, Mainly arterioles lowers TPR, Combo Rx Side Effects: Reflex Raise SNS, flushing, palpitations, Lupus

Question 31

Nitroprusside

Answer 31

Vasodilator Actue Hypertension crisis and heart failure Raise NO, Raise cGMP, veins and arterioles lowers TPR, iv only, toxic oral Side effects: Cyanide toxicity, methhemoglobinemia

Question 32

Minoxidil

Answer 32

Vasodilator Hypertension, Heart Failure, Baldness Open K+ channel, Hypertrichosis, Mainly arterioles, Lower TPR Side effects: Reflex raise SNS, fluid retention, hyperglycemia

Question 33

Diazoxide

Answer 33

Vasodilator Hypertensive crisis Open K+ channel, Hypertrichosis, Mainly arterioles, Lower TPR Side effects: Reflex raise SNS, fluid retention, hyperglycemia

Question 34

Digoxin

Answer 34

Cardiac Glycoside Heart Failure, Arrhythmia Inhibit Na/K ATPase, Raise [Ca++]i, Raise [Na+]i, Raise CO, Raise vagus activity, Low TI; kidney T 1/2 35 hr Side Effects: Tachycardia, Visual halo, Nausea, Vomiting T: VT/VF; AV block Interactions: Raise toxicity, Ca++ blockers ie verapamil, diuretics, quinidine, CAs, Amiod

Question 35

Lisinopril, Losartan

Answer 35

ACEI/ARBs Hypertension, Heart Failure Lower pre/afterload, Raise use HF, break neurohumoral cycle

Question 36

Dobutamine

Answer 36

Beta1 Heart Failure (acute), Cardiac stimulant IV, Raise CO, tolerance, may cause angina Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 37

Milrinone, Amrinone

Answer 37

``` Inh. PDE3 Heart Failure (chronic and acute) Lower pre/afterload, Raise cAMP, [raise mortality, oral] ```

Question 38

Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Bisoprolol

Answer 38

Beta Blockers Heart Failure (only these are FDA approved), Angina, Arrhythmias, Hypertension Lower SNS activity, Lower afterload, Raise use Heart Failure Contrainidications/Cautions: Heart Failure if unstable, Bronchospasm, Severe decreased heart rate (low reserve)

Question 39

Hydralazine, Bidil et al

Answer 39

Vasodilators Hypertension, Heart Failure Lower preload, Lowers afterload, Decrease mortality, not primary Rx

Question 40

Nesiritide

Answer 40

Beta-naturiuretic peptide Severe decomp Heart Failure (Class IV, acute, iv) Raise cGMP to vasodilation, Lowers pre/afterload, 20 minutes Lindsey LOVES you!

Question 41

Thiazides, Furosemide et al

Answer 41

Diuretics Hypertension, Heart Failure Lower Pre/afterload, Lower congestion (furosemide) Drug Interactions: CG

Question 42

Nicotine

Answer 42

Ganglionic Agent Insecticide, Cigarettes N-agonist, (blocker) Toxicity: Convulsions, vomiting, cardiovascular system

Question 43

Trimethapan

Answer 43

Ganglionic Agent Lower Blood pressure during surgery, Nn-antagonists (competitive) Not oral Side Effects: PHT, mydriasis

Question 44

Mecamylamine

Answer 44

Ganglionic Agent Lower Blood pressure during surgery, Nn-antagonists (competitive) Active Orally Side Effects: PHT, mydriasis

Question 45

Succinylcholine

Answer 45

Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Depolarizing block, Short acting due to plasma AchE Fasciculations, Not reversible, Atypical AchE, Malignant H, Hyperkalemia (delayed, burn/trauma)

Question 46

Tubocurarine

Answer 46

Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors Nm, Some histamine release and ganglia block

Question 47

Gallamine

Answer 47

Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors Nm, some M-receptor block Other competitive agents eliminated: kidney and liver

Question 48

Mivacurium

Answer 48

Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors Short acting, 10-20 minutes, slight histamine release Mivacurium hydrolysed by AchE, liver

Question 49

Rocuronium

Answer 49

Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors Fast onset (1-2 minutes), short-intermediate duration (30-40 minutes) Kidney,

Question 50

Pancuronium

Answer 50

-less histamine, more potent than tubocurarine, -lack of ganglionic blockage Neuromuscular Junction Agent NMJ paralysis, Competitive blockers, Small/fast nerves first (face/hands), then trunk, respiratory muscles last, Flaccid paralysis, Can reverse block with AchE inhibitors

Question 51

Dantrolene

Answer 51

``` Neuromuscular Junction Agents Malignant hyperthermia, Cerebral palsy Inhibit SR Ca release, Malignant H Drug of Choice Lindsey LOVES you! ```

Question 52

Atracurium

Answer 52

Hoffman deg (cisAtracurium), safer for patients with renal or liver disease