06 Intro to Burgundy Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
Burgundy history
A
- Start of Chardonnay, also a little bit of Pinot
- Catholic church Benedictine & Cistercian monasteries - took notes & ran experiments to improve wine
- 1st time science applied to winemaking
2
Q
Code napoleon 1804
A
- inheretence laws - equal split among male children
- fragmentation fo vineyard –> 1,000s of tiny vineyards
3
Q
Burgundy appleations
A
- Chablis
- Côte d’Or
- Côte Chalonaise
- Mâconnais
- Beaujolais
4
Q
Burgundy Climate
A
- Continental
- Chablis is coldest - frost particualr issue here
5
Q
Burgundy topography & aspect
A
- Rolling hills
- Côte d’Or slope - best vineyards on hillsides facing east / southeast –> 175-250m height is best
6
Q
Burgundy Soil
A
- Burgundy: Chalk, calcerous clay, marl, limestone
–> limestone is bedrock for most of burgundy - Beaujolais - Granite (best wines)
- Limestone magnifies acidity, Granite neutralizes acidity
- Beaujolais is acidic (more so than Pinot Noir) & so doesn’t work well with limestone
7
Q
Burgundy grape varieties
A
White
- Chardonay (main)
- Aligoté (small plots)
Red
- Pinot Noir (main)
- Gamay (primary Beaujolais)
8
Q
Burgundy AOC pyramid
A
- 33 Grand Crus (2%)
- 550-600 Premier Crus (12%)
- Village Wines (30%)
- Regional appleations (56%)
Sense of place is critical
9
Q
Burgundy: Domaine
A
- Grower / producer that owns the vineyards
- Grow / age / bottle in house
- Reflects a higher commitment to farming
10
Q
Burgundy: NÉGOCIANT
A
- merchants who buy grapes & / or finished wine for blending & bottling under own lable
11
Q
Burgundy: Clos
A
- Plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by dry-stone walls
- 1% of Burgundy
- So special a monk built a wall around it
- Famous example: Clos Vougeot
12
Q
Burgondy: monopole
A
- Parcel fo land with single ownership
13
Q
Burgundy lables
A
- Village wine: 100% grown in the village
–> most famous vineyard appended to name of the village - Permier cru: 100% grapes from specific vineyard
–> will say “premier cru or 1er Cru) - Grand Cru: 100% grapes from a famous vineyard
–> village isn’t listed, just the name of hte vineyard on the bottle
14
Q
Chablis stats
A
- Location: 80 mi North of Côte d’Or & closer to Champagne than rest of burgundy
- Climate: Cool continental
- Soil: Kimmeridgian clay / limestone
- Grape varieties: 100% Chardonnay
Famous for crisp, minerally, racy white wines
15
Q
Chablis Viticulture & Vinification
A
- Viticulture: picking time critical due to late season frosts
–> Aspersion method: sprinklers on vines so the water freezes & protects vines from getting too cold within the ice - Vinification:
–> Oak common in upper-tier wines
–> Malolactic fermentation is common, but doesn’t give buttery taste (more goat milk)
16
Q
Chablis AOP
A
- Petite Chablis
- Chablis
- Chablis Premier Cru (40 vineyards)
- Chablis grand Cru (7 designations, most with south / southwest exposure)
17
Q
Côte d’Or
A
- 30 miles long escarpment
- runs north-to-south
- Starts in Dijon & ends in Santenay
- Côte de Nuits (north)
- Côte de Beaune (south)
18
Q
Côte de Nuits Stats
A
- Topography / Aspect: hillsides & ridges, top vineyard sites in middle section
- Climate: continental
- Grape: Pinot Noir
- Soil: Marl & Limestone
- Viticulture: threats of frost, summer hail, excessie rain in fall
- Vinification: french oak, often new for grand or premier cru
19
Q
Côte de Nuits AOP Hierarchy
A
- Bourgogne AOP: Pinot Noir or chardonnay from anywhere in Burgundy
- Bourgogne Cote d’Or AOP: Pinot Noir or Chardonnay from Côte de Nuits or Côte de Beaune
- Côte de Nuits-Villages AOP: 5 small areas, pinot noir only
- Village AOP: 100% of grapes in /a round named village; 9 key villages
- Perimer Cru AOP: Specific vineyard, 130 exist
- Garnd Cru: 24 vineyards (of 33 Grand crus in Burgundy)
20
Q
Côte de Nuits Villages
A
(North to south)
- Marsannay
- Fixin
- Gevrey-Chambertin
- Morey-St. Denis
- Chambolle-Musigny
- Vougeot
- Vosne-Romanée
- Flagey-Echézeaux
- Nuits-Saint-Georges
21
Q
Côte de Nuits Grand Cru vineyards
A
- Chambertin
- Bonnes-Mares
- Musigny
- La Tâche
- La Romanée
22
Q
Côte de Beaune stats
A
- Climate: continental, with wide range of micro climates
- Soil: Marl, Limestone
- Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
- Vinification: Oak for red & white
23
Q
Côte de Beaune AOP hierarchy
A
- Bourgogne AOP: Pinot Noir & Chardonnay from anywhere in Burgundy
- Village AOP: 100% grapes in adn aroudn named village
- Premier Cru AOP: 100% from named vineyard or blend of premier cru vineyards, if unnamed
- Grand cru AOP: 100% from grand cru vineyard; 8 exist
24
Q
Côte de Beaune Villages
A
(North to South)
Aloxe-Corton
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
25
Côte de Beaune Grand Cru examples
Corton
Corton-Charlemagne
Montrachet
Bâtard-Montrachet
26
Côte Chalonnaise Stats
Location: Soth of Côte d'Or; no hillside escarpments to protect from wind
Climate: Continental
Soil: Limestone
Grapes: Chardonnay, some Aligoté, Pinot Noir
Vinification: new oak rarely used (white or red)
Typically cheaper than Côte d'Or wines
27
Côte Chalonnaise Appelations
(North to south)
Bouzeron
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny
28
Montagny AOP
Chardonnay only
29
Bouzeron AOP
Aligoté only
30
Rully AOP
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Noir
- Crémant de Bourgogne
31
Givry AOP
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
32
Mercurey AOP
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
33
Mâconnais Stats
Climate: Continental, but slightly warmer & Drier than more norther Burgundy
Topography: large area, low-lying hills fairly flat
Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gamay
Vinification: mainly unaoked whites , some new oak in Pouilly-Fuissé
34
Mâconnais Appelation Hierarchy
Mâcon AOP: Mainly white wines only _ Chardonnay
Saint-Véran AOP: White wine only - Chardonnay, some new oak
Pouilly-Fuissé AOP: White wine only, Chardonnay; some new oak; more expensive than other wines in region
35
Beaujolais Stats
- Location: south of & slightly overlapping Mâconnais
- Climate: Continental, but warmer than rest of Burgundy; also called semi-continental
- Soils: Schist & Granie (northern Beaujolais Cru village); Sandstone & clay (south)
- Grapes: Chardonnay (small volume), Gamay
- Viticulture: hillside vinyeards w low yields in northern Beaujolais Crus, flatter plains in south
- Vinification: carbonic maceration,s tainless steel, used or old french oak
36
Beaujolais Hierarchy
- Beaujolais AOP - grapes grown anywhere in region
- Beaujolais Nouveau - easy-drinking reds released on 3rd Thursday in Nov & should be consumed quickly
- Beaujolais-Villages AOP: 38 designated villages
- Beaujolais Crus: 10 named villages; Gamay only; Morgon AOP is an example
37
Beaujolais Villages
- Juliénas
- Saint-Amour
- Chénas
- Moulin-a-Vent
-Fleurie
-Chiroubles
- Morgon
- Régnié
- Côte de brouilly
- Brouilly
