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ARTP > 07: Basic Vent Function > Flashcards

07: Basic Vent Function Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Positive pressure ventilation

A

Airway pressure applied to patients airway through artificial airway

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2
Q

Negative pressure ventilation and types

A

Machine creating negative extrathoracic pressure
Iron lung
Chest cuirass

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3
Q

Two ways vents can be triggered into inspiration

A

Patient or machine

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4
Q

Trigger

A

Starts inspiration

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5
Q

pressure trigger

A

Patient spontaneously inhales -> drops pressure -> triggers inspiration

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6
Q

Time triggered

A

Machine begins inspiration at preset time
(RR:10 -> triggers every 6 seconds)

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7
Q

Flow triggered

A

Patient spontaneously inhales -> changes flow -> triggers

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8
Q

Advantages of flow trigger

A

Improved response to pt effort and requires less effort from pt

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9
Q

Base flow range on flow triggered ventilation

A

8-10lpm

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10
Q

Trigger flow range on flow trigger ventilation

A

1-3lpm

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11
Q

Flow trigger works in

A

All modes

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12
Q

Spontaneous modes of ventilation

A

Pt determines RR, inspiratory flow rate, and size of breath
PSV SIMV CSV

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13
Q

Exhalation valve

A

Closes on inspiration -> passive exhalation
MUST BE FUNCTIONAL FOR PEEP

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14
Q

Internal circuit

A

Air inside machine -> external circuit

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15
Q

External circuit

A

gas from vent -> pt -> exhalation valve

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16
Q

Time cycled

A

Inspiration ends when set time expires

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17
Q

PIP reached on time cycled?

A

Machine holds inspiration until inspiratory time expires

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18
Q

Flow cycled

A

Inspiration ends when minimum flow met

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19
Q

Pressure cycled

A

Inspiration ends when preset pressure is met

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20
Q

Changes in airway resistance/lung compliance in pressure cycled cause what to change

A

Volume and flow

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21
Q

Volume cycled

A

Inspiration ends when preset volume delivered

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22
Q

Changes in resistance and compliance in volume cycled change what?

A

Pressure

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23
Q

CMV

A

Continuous mandatory ventilation
NO spontaneous breaths

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24
Q

IMV

A

Intermittent mandatory ventilation
Mandatory rate set, pt can spontaneously breath additional breaths

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25
SIMV
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation If machine senses pt effort, it synchronizes the mandatory and spontaneous breaths
26
CSV
Continuous spontaneous ventilation All breaths spontaneous
27
Mode
Control selecting how machine will deliver inspiration and expiration
28
PIP
Peak/maximum inspiratory pressure Pressure required to deliver set volume
29
MAP
Mean airway pressure Average pressure of full breath cycle
30
MAP increased?
Blood flow to heart decreased
31
A/C
Assist/control Assisted breaths if breathing over set rate
32
Pressure support is only in
Spontaneous breaths
33
SIMV spontaneous breaths are delivered at what volume?
Volume pt desires
34
Spontaneous inhalation in A/C
Sensitivity adjusted to allow the breath to achieve set Vt in VC or PIP in PC
35
Trigger variable
What starts the breath
36
Target variable
Upper boundary set/maintained (not control)
37
Cycle variable
Ends inspiration
38
Types of cycle variables
Pressure Volume Time Flow
39
Flow cycled only applies to
Spontaneous breathing
40
Time cycled can be set for
Volume or pressure control
41
Increasing flow does what to I-time and E-time
Increases I-time Decreases E-time
42
Decreased flow does what to I-time and E-time?
decrease I-time increase E-time
43
Increased flow does what to the I:E
Decreases (1:3 -> 1:4)
44
Decreased flow does what to I:E
Increases (1:4 -> 1:3)
45
Volume control presets
Volume and flow
46
Pressure control presets
Pressure and time
47
Time control presets
I-time and E-time
48
In volume cycled, what effects the I & E time and what determines it
Rate, volume, and flow effect Volume determines
49
60 / BPM =
Amount of time per breath cycle
50
I-time =
Breath cycle time / I + E in I:E ratio desired
51
E-time =
Breathe cycle time - I-time
52
The bigger the E-time
The smaller the ratio
53
Pressure support ventilation
Used for overcoming Raw from ETT -> 5-7cmH2O To increase Vt -> >7 Only in spontaneous breathing Flow cycling
54
Limit variable
limits variable during inspiration but does not end it
55
Pressure limit
Max inspiratory pressure (MIP)
56
Inflation hold (plateau) does what to I time and E time
Increases
57
What to adjust to improve oxygenation
PEEP and flow
58
Pressure limiting relief valve alarm (high pressure alarm)
Set high pressure reached. -> alarm -> relief valve opens and releases any pressure in system
59
PEEP
Pressure above atmospheric pressure in lung on exhalation (NV: 5 cmH2O)
60
What is used to increase MAP
PEEP
61
Patient must be doing what type of breathing for CPAP
All spontaneous breaths
62
Square wave form
Constant inspiratory flow Best for pt: stiff lung and increased RR Decreases inspiratory time
63
Sinusoidal wave form
Spontaneous Most Ike normal breathing Flow not constant
64
Tapered/decelerating wave form
Flow rate high at inspiration, but then drops Best for pt: increased Raw (asthma) or high PIP
65
Tapered/decelerating effect on I And E time
Increase I Decrease E
66
What happens when you change from square to tapered wave forms?
Increases I time Decreases E time and PIP
67
Pressure control mode
Pressure limited and time cycled Flow pattern ALWAYS decelerating/tapered
68
Inverse I:E
Utilized when pt is critical and adjusting FiO2 and PEEP does not improve oxygenation Used with PEEP and PC Becomes time cycled and pressure limited ventilation
69
CMV
Pt breathing some on own, but not efficient enough Each breath delivered at set volume
70
SIMV
Vent and patient initiated
71
Mode for weaning from A/C (CMV)
SIMV
72
How to increase spontaneous tidal volume
Increase PS
73
How to determine tidal volume
5-8 ml/kg of IBW
74
IBW equation
50 or 45.5 + 2.3(ht-60)
75
Pt scenario: apnea, not strong enough to initiate an assisted breath and decreased LC
A/C or CMV
76
Pt strong enough to assist vent, what mode do u use?
SIMV
77
What mode to use if pt oxygenation is poor with all other efforts
PC
78
Large Vt but low PaO2, what mode?
PEEP or CPAP
79
Strong enough to assist vent, but low spontaneous breaths, what mode?
PSV
80
Flow trigger helps what kind of patients?
All
81
Poor oxygenation but PC does not work?
Inverse I:e
82
Dr ordered parameters
Mode Vt in VC or PIP in PC RR FiO2 PEEP PS if in SB
83
Pressure to hold lung open
Plateau
84
What mode?
Control
85
A/C
86
Assist
87
SIMV

ARTP (9 decks)

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