07 - Data Formats

Question 1

what does XML stand for?

Answer 1

eXtensible Markup Language

Question 2

a text-based format for representing structured information

Answer 2

XML

Question 3

XML was derived from ____

Answer 3

SGML (Standard Generalized markup Language)

Question 4

a language used to describe other languages

Answer 4

metalanguage

Question 5

XML is used as a ________

Answer 5

metalanguage

Question 6

the basis of format standards such as UBL, HTML, SVG, MathML

Answer 6

XML

Question 7

what is the most recognizable features of XML

Answer 7

the tags or elements (AKA markup)

Question 8

XML elements can contain (3)

Answer 8

1. text
2. attributes
3. other elements

Question 9

naming rules for XML elements/tags (4)

Answer 9

1. element/tag names are case sensitive
2. element/tag names can contain letters, numbers, hyphens, underscores, and periods
3. element/tag names can only start with a letter or underscore
4. element names can’t contain spaces

Question 10

true/false:

XML tags can be left opened

Answer 10

false, all tags must be closed

Question 11

true/false:

attributes must be quoted (code = “CMSC100”)

Answer 11

true

Question 12

why do we need xml?

Answer 12

XML makes understanding the code easier and intuitive, tags are named after what they represent unlike HTML

additionally, the strictness of XML makes the syntax less ambiguous and easy to read and debug

Question 13

an XML document that describes the structure of other XML-based languages

Answer 13

XML Schema

Question 14

XML Schemas provide the following info about a language (3)

Answer 14

1. list of valid elements
2. valid types of the elements
3. structure/syntax of the language

Question 15

XML Schemas are used by programs that parse XML content such as (2)

Answer 15

1. XML Validators
2. Code Editors

Question 16

true/false:

documents that utilize any schema can use single-line schema declarations

Answer 16

false, only documents that use known schemas can use single-line schema declarations

Question 17

what does JSON stand for?

Answer 17

JavaScript Object Notation

Question 18

JSON data is built on which 2 structures

Answer 18

1. Objects
2. Arrays

Question 19

true/false:

the JSON objects is neither an object nor an array, it is its own thing

Answer 19

false, it is either an object or an array

Question 20

collection of key-value pairs separated by colons and delimited by commas

Answer 20

objects

Question 21

ordered lists of values, its contents does not have to be of a single type

Answer 21

arrays

Question 22

true/false

objects and arrays are universal data structures, meaning in all PLs it exists or at least has some sort of equivalent data structure

Answer 22

true

Question 23

JSON values can be (6)

Answer 23

1. Strings
2. Numbers
3. Boolean
4. Arrays
5. Objects
6. null

Question 24

sequence of one or more unicode characters, surrounded by double quotes

Answer 24

strings

Question 25

process of converting data structures/object states into formats that can be stored and later reconstructed

Answer 25

serialization

Question 26

an object to be serialized may be a/an _____ created by a running program

Answer 26

object/data structure in memory

Question 27

common format choices for transporting data over the web

Answer 27

XML and JSON

Question 28

how is an object/data structure stored?

Answer 28

objects/data structures in memory is serialized and can either be transported into network or stored in a local file/storage

Question 29

reverse process whereby data in a serial format is restored into memory

Answer 29

deserialization

Question 30

how are objects/data structures saved in storage loaded into a program?

Answer 30

from storage (either local or through a network), data is deserialized and is then used by the program as either an object or a data structure

Question 31

what does it mean for JSON and XML to be self-describing?

Answer 31

it means to be human readable, XML is human readable through its tags and elements while JSON is human readable because of how it is constructed and stored

Question 32

true/false: XML is hierarchical while JSON is not

Answer 32

false, both are hierarchical

Question 33

true/false both xml and json are standard content types on the web

Answer 33

true

Question 34

true/false json is more verbose than xml

Answer 34

false, xml is more verbose than json

Question 35

what is xml's only explicit data type

Answer 35

string

Question 36

compare xml and json in terms of: 1. verbosity 2. explicit data types 3. ambiguity 4. human readability/hierarchical structure 5. PLs parsing and writing

Answer 36

1. Verbosity a. XML : more verbose b. JSON: less verbose 2. Data types a. XML : string b. JSON: number, string, boolean, arrays, objects 3. Ambiguity a. XML: some ambiguity b. JSON: no ambiguity 4. human readability and structure - both have a human readable and hierarchical structure 5. PLs parsing and writing - both are supported by many PLs for parsing and writing