09 - Adrenergic Pharmacology

Question 1

Norepinephrine

Answer 1

primary transmitter at the sympathetic postganglionic neuron effector cell synapses in most tissues

exceptions:

• eccrine sweat glands
• vasodilator sympathetic fibers in skeletal muscle

Question 2

Dopamine/Norepinephrine on renal blood vessels

Answer 2

dopamine vasodilates renal blood vessels

norepinephrine vasoconstricts

Question 3

Tyrosine is hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase to

Answer 3

DOPA

Question 4

Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by

Answer 4

metyrosine

Question 5

DOPA is decarboxylated to

Answer 5

dopamine

Question 6

dopamine is hydroxylated to

Answer 6

norepinephrine

Question 7

NE and dopamine are transported into vesicles

inactivated by:

Answer 7

monoamine oxidase in the cytoplasm

Question 8

increase stores of NE and dopamine

Answer 8

MAOIs

Question 9

vesicular transport inhibted by

Answer 9

reserpine

Question 10

entry of calcium triggers interaction among

Answer 10

SNARE proteins (VAMPs and SNAPs)

Question 11

What are SNARE proteins

Answer 11

“SNAP (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) REceptor”

The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion, that is, the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane bound compartments (such as a lysosome). The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in neurons. These SNAREs are the targets of the bacterial neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.

Question 12

entry of calcium inhibited by

promoted by

Answer 12

guanethidine

amphetamines and tyramine

Question 13

diffusion and reupate via NET and DAT in synaptic cleft

inhibited by

Answer 13

cocaine and TCAs

Question 14

metabolized by MAO and COMT into

inhibited by

Answer 14

metanephrines and VMA

MAOIs and COMT inhibitors (duh)

Question 15

Site of autonomic drug action:

synthesis cholinergic and adrenergic inhibitors

Answer 15

hemicholinium

metyrosine

Question 16

Site of autonomic drug action:

storage cholinergic and adrenergic inhibitors

Answer 16

vesamicol

reserpine

Question 17

Site of autonomic drug action:

release cholinergic and adrenergic inhibitors

Answer 17

botulinium

guanethedine

Question 18

Site of autonomic drug action:

termination metabolism cholinergic and adrenergic inhibitors

Answer 18

neostigmine

MAOIs, COMTIs

Question 19

Site of autonomic drug action:

termination reuptake cholinergic and adrenergic inhibitors

Answer 19

none

cocaine, TCAs

Question 20

drug effects on adrenergic transmission

Answer 20

used in treatment of several diseases (pheochromocytoma, hypertension)
block sympathetic but NOT parasympathetic functions

other drugs promote catecholamine release - predictably cause sympathomimetics effects

Question 21

a1 adrenergic effects

- most vascular smooth muscle

Answer 21

contracts (increased vascular resistance)

Question 22

a1 adrenergic effects

- pupillary dilator muscle

Answer 22

contracts (mydriasis)

Question 23

a1 adrenergic effects

- pilomotor smooth muscle

Answer 23

contracts (erects hair)

Question 24

a1 adrenergic effects

- liver (in some species, eg, rat)

Answer 24

stimulates glycogenolysis

Question 25

a2 adrenergic effects | - adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals

Answer 25

inhibits transmitter release

Question 26

a2 adrenergic effects | - platelets

Answer 26

stimulates aggregation

Question 27

a2 adrenergic effects | - some vascular smooth muscle

Answer 27

contracts

Question 28

a2 adrenergic effects | - fat cells

Answer 28

inhibits lypolysis

Question 29

a2 adrenergic effects | - pancreatic B cells

Answer 29

inhibits insulin release

Question 30

B1 adrenergic effects | - heart

Answer 30

stimulates rate and force

Question 31

B1 adrenergic effects | - juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

Answer 31

stimulates renin release

Question 32

B2 adrenergic effects | - airways, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle

Answer 32

relaxes

Question 33

B2 adrenergic effects | - liver (human)

Answer 33

stimulates glycogenolysis

Question 34

B2 adrenergic effects | - pancreatic B cells

Answer 34

stimulates insulin release

Question 35

B2 adrenergic effects | - somatic motor neuron terminals (voluntary muscle)

Answer 35

causes tremor

Question 36

B2 adrenergic effects | - heart

Answer 36

stimulates rate and force

Question 37

B3 adrenergic effects | - fat cells

Answer 37

stimulates lipolysis

Question 38

dopamine1 (d1) adrenergic effects | - renal and other splanchnic blood vessels

Answer 38

dilates (decrease resistance)

Question 39

d2 adrenergic effects | - nerve terminals

Answer 39

inhibits adenylyl cyclase

Question 40

beta receptors mnemonic

Answer 40

1 heart, 2 lungs b1 heart b2 lungs