1-100 Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
の
A
- possessive particle
2. nominalized verbs/adjectives
2
Q
に
A
- at (place, time); in; on; during
2. to (direction, state); toward; into
3
Q
は
A
topic marker
4
Q
た
A
- indicate past completed or action (see also: だ; だ after certain verb forms)
- indicates light imperative (see also: だ)
5
Q
を
A
- indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
6
Q
だ
A
- be; is (see also: である, です; plain copula)
auxiliary verb - indicates past or completed action (see also: た; た after certain verb forms)
7
Q
が
A
- indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
8
Q
と
A
- if; when
2. and
9
Q
ます
A
- used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader)
10
Q
も
A
- too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)
- both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) (as ＡもＢも)
11
Q
で
A
- indicates location of action; at; in (にて is the formal literary form)
- indicates time of action
12
Q
てる
A
indicates continuing action or state (e.g. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing) (from ..て or で plus いる; colloquialism
13
Q
です
A
be; is
14
Q
という
A
called; named (often written with kana only)
2. as many as; as much as (after a quantity; often written with kana only)
15
Q
つう
通
A
- connoisseur; authority
counter - counter for letters, notes,
16
Q
こと
事
A
- thing; matter (often written with kana only)
2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis (often written with kana only)
17
Q
ええ
A
- yes; that is correct; right
2. um; errr
18
Q
いう
言う
A
- to say; to utter; to declare
2. to name; to call
19
Q
あの
A
say; well; errr …
20
Q
まあ
A
- just (e.g. “just wait here”); come now; now, now (when urging or consoling)
- tolerably; passably; moderately; reasonably; fairly; rather; somewhat
21
Q
ある
A
- to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to exist; to live
2. to have
22
Q
ね
A
indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so
23
Q
ない
A
- not
2. emphatic suffix
24
Q
なる
A
to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
25
か
1. indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
| 2. or; whether or not (after each alternative)
26
その
that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener); the
27
けれど
but; however; although
28
から
1. from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since
| 2. from (originator); by
29
よう
1. indicates speculation (non-五段 verbs, e.g. 食べよう)
| 2. indicates will
30
おもう
| 思う
1. to think; to consider; to believe (想う has connotations of heart-felt)
2. to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
31
もの
| 物
1. thing; object; article; stuff; substance
| 2. one's things; possessions; property; belongings (as 〜のもの, 〜のもん)
32
そう
1. in that way (concerning the actions of the listener or concerning the ideas expressed or understood by the listener; with a neg. sentence, implies that something isn't as much as one might think); thus; such
33
なに
| 何
1. what
| 2. how many
34
わたし
| 私
I, me
35
しもう
1. to finish; to stop; to end; to put an end to; to bring to a close (often written with kana only)
2. to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to shut down; to shut up (often written with kana only)
36
それ
1. that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind); it (see also: 何れ, 此れ, 彼・あれ; often written with kana only)
2. that time; then
37
とか
among other things; such things as; or something like that
38
この
this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)
39
ない
| 無い
1. nonexistent; not being (there) (see also: 亡い; often written with kana only)
2. unpossessed; unowned; not had
40
いく
| 行く
1. to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to head (towards); to be transported (towards); to reach (see also: 来る)
2. to proceed; to take place
41
んだ/のだ
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; it is that ...
42
せる
1. auxiliary verb indicating the causative (せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段, follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs, senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す)
2. auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something (usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc.; humble)
43
これ
1. this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) (see also: 何れ, 其れ, 彼; often written with kana only)
2. this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) (humble)
44
もう
1. now; soon; shortly; before long; presently
| 2. already; yet; by now; (not) anymore
45
である
be; is
46
とき
| 時
1. time; hour; moment
| 2. occasion; case (this meaning is restricted to form 時)
47
な
1. (sentence end, mainly masc.) indicates emotion or emphasis
2. (used with masu stem verb) command
48
ず
not doing (see also: ぬ; after the -nai stem of a verb)
49
んで/ので
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ....; given that...
50
ひと
| 人
1. man; person
| 2. human being; mankind; people
51
よ
1. indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc. (at sentence-end)
2. used when calling out to someone (after a noun)
52
こう
1. in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker); thus; such
53
ば
1. if ... then; when
| 2. and (often ...も...ば...も...)
54
や
1. such things as (non-exhaustive list related to a specific time and place); and ... and
2. the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as
55
くる
| 来る
1. to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive
irregular verb くる, intransitive verb, auxiliary verb
2. to come back; to do ... and come back (see also: 行って来る)
56
まて
1. until (a time); till; to; up to (often written with kana only)
2. to (a place); as far as (often written with kana only)
57
みる
| 見る
1. to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe
| 2. to look over; to look on; to assess; to examine; to judge
58
たり
1. -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs)
2. (used adverbially) doing such things as...
59
いま
| 今
now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately; (one) more
60
よい
| 良い／いい
1. good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable (also いい (all senses); often written with kana only)
2. sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer); ready; prepared
61
ところ
| 所
1. place; spot; scene; site (also pronounced どころ when a suffix)
2. address (often written with kana only)
62
じぶん
| 自分
1. myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself
| 2. I; me
63
やはり/やっぱり
1. too; also; likewise; either (see also: 矢っ張り; often written with kana only)
2. still; as before (see also: 矢っ張り; often written with kana only)
64
たい
1. want to ... do something; would like to ... (after the -masu stem of a verb)
65
やる
1. to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study (see also: 為る・する; often written with kana only; colloquialism)
2. to send; to dispatch; to despatch (often written with kana only)
66
なか
| 中
1. inside; in
| 2. among; within
67
いる
1. to be (of animate objects); to exist (see also: 在る; often written with kana only)
2. to stay (often written with kana only)
68
できる
| 出来る
1. to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task (often written with kana only)
2. to be ready; to be completed (often written with kana only)
69
など
1. et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth (often written with kana only)
2. or something (after an approximate quote or vague suggestion; often written with kana only)
70
として
1. as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of)
2. apart from... (used to change the topic)
71
あと
| 後
1. behind; rear (see also: 後ずさり)
| 2. after; later (see also: その後)
72
また
again; and; also; still (doing something) (often written with kana only)
73
ちょっと
1. just a minute; short time; just a little (often written with kana only)
2. somewhat; easily; readily; rather (often written with kana only)
74
てくる
go and do
75
だけ
1. only; just; merely; simply; no more than; nothing but; alone (see also: しか; often written with kana only)
2. as (e.g. as soon as, as much as) (often written with kana only)
76
くらい
1. approximately; about; around; or so (also written as 位)
| 2. to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; so ... that ...; at least
77
ではない
is not; am not; are not (often written with kana only)
78
ほう
| 方
1. direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction)
| 2. side (of an argument, etc.); one's part
79
ていく
go on doing, continue
80
てく
to continue
81
わけ
| 訳
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation (often written with kana only)
82
へ
indicates direction or goal (e.g. "to") (pronounced え in modern Japanese)
83
どう
how; in what way; how about
84
し
(at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons
85
ほんとう
| 本当
1. truth; reality; actuality; fact
'no' adjective, 'na' adjective, adverb
2. proper; right; correct; official
86
もつ
| 持つ
1. to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
| 2. to possess; to have; to own
87
でる
| 出る
1. to leave; to exit; to go out; to come out; to get out (opposite: 入る)
2. to leave (on a journey); to depart; to start out; to set out
88
ため
| 為
1. good; advantage; benefit; welfare (see also: 為に; often written with kana only)
2. sake; purpose; objective; aim (often written with kana only)
