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MICROBIOLOGY - MCB 2004 > 1/11 CLASS > Flashcards

1/11 CLASS Flashcards

1
Q

whats the endosymbiont theory

A

mitochondria were bacteria, chloroplasts were Cyanobacteria, infected or eaten by other species and ended up living together inside (still have some bacterial DNA; endosymbiosis)

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2
Q

what does it mean that viruses are acellular

A

not complete cells like bacteria or other organisms

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3
Q

whats required for a virus

A

DNA or RNA genome, genome surrounded by protein coat called capsid

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4
Q

what may the coat be enclosed in

A

lipid envelope

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5
Q

when are viruses replicated

A

only when in living host cell

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6
Q

whats a beneficial use of virsues

A

vaccines

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7
Q

are multicellular animal parasites pro or eu

A

eu

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8
Q

what are helmnths

A

parasitic flatworms and roundworms

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9
Q

what does knowledge of micorbio allow humans to do

A

prevent or slow growth of microbes to prevent food spoilage, disease, contamination; culture or encourage growth of microbes for fermented food, medicine production, recycling, bio control

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10
Q

when did Robert Hooke report that living things were composed of cells, which was the beginning of cell theory

A

1665

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11
Q

when did Anton van Leeuwenhoek observe the first microbes

A

late 1600s; animalcules viewed through magnifying lens

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12
Q

what were the 2 competing hypotheses for the way life arises

A

spontaneous generation and biogeness

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13
Q

when did redi disprove spontaneous generation for animals with decaying meat and maggots

A

1668

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14
Q

when was John needham’s experiment and what did it entail?

A

boiled nutrient broth, and placed in covered in flasks, which resulted in microbial growth; 1745

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15
Q

what did Lazaro spallanzani’s experiment entail and when did it happen

A

put nutrient broth IN flask, sealed, then heated, no microbial growth;1765

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16
Q

what were the results of spallanzani’s experiment

A

appeared to disprove spontaneous generation for germs but some argued it was because of lack of air

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17
Q

what did Rudolf Virchow further develop and when

A

in 1858; biogenesis hypothesis by proposing that all cells by arise from pre-existing cells

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18
Q

what solved the theory of biogenesis and when

A

pastuer’s experiment in 1861 (disproved spontaneous)

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19
Q

what was Pasteur’s experiment

A

water boiled in S-shaped flask that kept microbes out and let air in; water boiled in S-curve flask that let airborne microbes settle out of the air and kept them out; microbial growth happened when flask was open and microorganisms fell in from air

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20
Q

when was the golden age of microbioo

A

1880s

21
Q

what else did Pasteur show microbes were responsible for

A

fermentation

22
Q

what does microbial growth do to food

A

spoil

23
Q

what did Pasteur demonstrate about spoilage bacteria being killed

A

by heat thats not hot enough to evaporate alcohol (when spoilage bacteria messes with wine)

24
Q

whats pasteruizaion

A

application of high heat for short time; doesnt destroy flavor

25
Q

what observations were pasteur’s theory based on

A

rabes, anthrax, wound sepsis

26
Q

what did Ignaz semelwish advocate for and when

A

1840; hand washing after delivinger baby to prevent transmission for puerperal fever

27
Q

florence nightnangle inn 1854?

A

battlefield sanitation; detailed records of wound sepsis, date, temp

28
Q

Joseph lister? when?

A

1860s; chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound

29
Q

Robert koch? when?

A

1876; proved bacterium causes anthrax and provided steps to show that specific microbe causes specific diseases

30
Q

what happened in 1865 with antiseptics

A

Jospeh lister, antiseptic surgery

31
Q

what did Edward jenner do and whenn

A

gave someone cowpox virus, and then they were immune to small pox; 1796

32
Q

what are he 4 criteria for infectious agent based on Koch’s Postulates

A
  • agent X present in host with disease Y (and absent when someone doesnt have disease Y)
  • must be able to isolate and grow pure culture of agent X
  • introduction of agent X from pure culture into healthy host induces disease Y
  • agent X can now be preisolated from new diseased host
33
Q

whats a disease a combination of

A

signs and symptoms

34
Q

what did Koch’s postulates provide

A

means of testing hypotesis

35
Q

what are three chemotherapeutic agents that can be used to treat infectious diseases

A

synthetic drugs, compounds produced by bacteria or fungi that kill or inhibit the growth of microbes, other types of natural products from plants or other organisms

36
Q

what did alexander Fleming discover and when

A

first naturally occurring antibiotic, in 1928

37
Q

what did alexdanr flemining observe about penicillium

A

the penicillium fungus made an antbiotic, penicillin, that killed staphylococcus auerus

38
Q

when was penicillin tested clinically and mass produced

A

1940s

39
Q

whats bacteriology

A

study of bacteria

40
Q

mycology?

A

study of fungi

41
Q

virology?

A

study of viruses

42
Q

who dissevered the cause of mosaic disease of tobacco to be a virus

A

Dmitri iwannoski in 1892 and wendell stanley in 1935

43
Q

what made it possible to study virus structure in detail

A

electron microscopes

44
Q

who proposed the use of immunology to identify streptococcal bacteria according to serotypes due to differences in the chem composition of a polysaccharide in the cell walls

A

Rebecca lance field, still used today

45
Q

whats the study of how microbes inherit traits

A

microbial genetics

46
Q

whats the study of how DNA sequence directs gene expression

A

molecular biology

47
Q

whats the study of an organism’s genes and has provided new tools for classifying microroganisms

A

genomics

48
Q

whats recombinant DNA

A

DNA made from two diff sources

MICROBIOLOGY - MCB 2004 (3 decks)

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