1 Flashcards by Mari Cell

The space between the pelvic inlet and outlet

cavity

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Type of pelvis which is common in 41% women

gynecoid pelvis

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The sacral canal contains the following:

✅ fibrofatty material
✅ filum terminale
❎ spinal cord
✅lower part of subarachnoid space

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The structures are the remains of the pedicles and superior articular processes

cornua

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The increase in the mobility and potential size of the pelvis during childbirth is due to the following: ❎ = except

✅ estrogen
✅ progesterone
✅ relaxin
❎ growth hormone

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Attached to this structure is the medial end of the inguinal ligament

pubic tubercle

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Theses are short, thick, rounded dorsal projections from the superior part of the body at the junction of its lateral dorsal surface

pedicle

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This structure projects dorsally and often caudally from the junction of the laminae and acts as lever for muscles which control posture and active movements of the vertebral
column

spinous porcess

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Arise from the vertebral arch at the pedicolaminar junction, permit limited movement between vertebrae

transverse process

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True of cervical vertebra except: (❎)

✅ has a small, relatively broad vertebral body
✅ pedicles project posterolaterally
✅ triangular vertebral body
❎ has coastal facets

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This structure project laterally from the pediculolaminar junction as levers for muscles and ligaments, particularly those concerned with rotation and flexion

transverse process

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This vertebra fails to incorporate a centrum, consists of two lateral masses connected by a short anterior and a longer posterior arch

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The first lumbar vertebra conntains

conus medullaris

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The most lateral bony point in the shoulder region and projects laterally below and in front of the acromial angle

greater tubercle

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A tubercle in the dorsal aspect of distal radius which is grooved on its ulnar side by the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

Lister’s tubercle

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Contents of the canal underneath the hook of the hamate

ulnar nerve and artery

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What structures can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

scaphoid and trapezium

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These are paired bones forming most of the upper lateral side of the skull. The right and left side joins together at the top of the skull

parietal bone

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The superficial facial bones are the following except (❎)

❎ palatine bones
✅ maxillary bones
✅ lacrimal bones
✅ zygomatic bones

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These structures decrease weight of the skull and lined with mucous membrane. These also protect the entrances to the respiratory system

sinuses

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This forms boundaries between the temporal and parietal bones

squamous suture

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This structure attach to tendons and ligaments of the hyoid, tongue and pharynx

styloid process

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A depression within the sella turcica

hypophyseal fossa

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True of primary curves of the vertebral column

considered as accommodation curves to accommodate internal organs

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These are pads of fibrous cartilage that separate the vertebral bodies and absorb shocks

intervertebral discs

A bifid spinous process is found in

cervical

Transition to lumbar vertebra is noted in what vertebra

T10 - T12

Oval-shaped bodies is found in

lumbar

Characteristic of lumbar transverse process

project dorsolaterally

True of an adult sacrum (✅)

✅ leaves transverse lines ❎ consists of 4 fused vertebra (nauur 5 dapat) ❎ fuses between puberty and 35y.o (( nauur 16-18 to 30 dapat)) ❎ curved more in females than males

This is an opening at the inferior end of the sacral canal which is formed by ridges and covered by connective tissues

sacrial hiatus

True of manubrium except:

✅ superior portion of sternum ✅ articulated with clavicle ✅ has a jugular notch ❎ smallest part of the sternum

The largest vertebral foramen is found in

cervical vertebra

The last part of the sternum to fuse

xiphoid process

Each upper limb has (pila ka bones)

32 bones

Characteristic of the clavicle

S-shaped **medial end articulates with manubrium **lateral end articulates with acromion

True of a fractured clavicle

❎ weakest at the lateral end ❎ most breaks occur at the lateral end ❎ most common mechanism is a direct hit ✅ forces generated through the upper limb to the trunk during a fall can cause the fracture

A protruding projection of the anterior surface just inferior to the lateral aspect of the clavicle

coracoid process

A sulcus between the greater and lesser tubercle where the long head of the biceps brachii tendon is located

bicipital groove

Part of the humerus which is commonly the site of fracture from a fall on outstretched hand in the elderly

surgical neck

The site of attachment for the biceps brachii muscle

radial tuberosity

The radial and ulnar shafts are connected by the

interosseous membrane

Part of the proximal row of the carpal bones except

capitate prox: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform distal: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Superior part of hip bone

ilium

The part of the pelvic girdle which touched any object a person sits on

Ischial tuberosity

True of female pelvis

❎ bones are larger and heavier ❎ smaller and heart shaped ❎ pubic arch less than 90 degrees ✅ more space in the true pelvis

A depression between the femoral condyles

intercondylar fossa

True of the patella except:

✅ largest sesamoid bone ✅ thick articular cartilage line the posterior surface ✅ increases leverage of the quadriceps muscle ❎ the apex is the superior process

Serve as attachment for the patellar ligament

Tibial tuberosity

True of the fibula

can remove the whole shaft for bone grafting

The first bone to ossify

clavicle

The most frequently fractured carpal bone

Scaphoid

A semilunar shaped carpal bone which articulates between the scaphoid and triquetrum

Lunate

Attached to the pisiform

flexor carpi ulnaris

The largest carpal bone

Scaphoid

The last carpal bone to ossify

Pisiform

There are ______ phalanges in the hand

The flexor digitorum profundus is inserted in the

distal phalanx

Ossification of the skull begins at the

6th month

The attachment for the meninges

crista galli

This bone does not directly articulate with other bones

hyoid

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

An exaggerated thoracic curvature

kyphosis

An inward lumbar curvature

lordosis

Type of collagen found in bone

Type I

The type of cartilage which provides support, flexibility and resilience and usually found in the ends of long bones

hyaline cartilage

Type of cartilage growth wherein the cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage

appositional

Two thirds of the bone matrix is made up of

Ca3(PO4)2

Unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and collagen becomes calcified later

osteoid

Mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

osteoprogenitor cells

These are collagen fibers of the outer fibrous later of periosteum, connecting with collagen fibers in bone

Sharpey’s fibers

Bone formed from a cartilage anlage goes through this ossification process

endochondral

Nutrient vessels enter the bone through this structures to reach the vessels in the Harvesian canal

Volkman’s canal

A temporary cartilaginous junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in the immature bone

synchondrosis

A type of articulation restricted to the fixation of the teeth in the mandible and maxilla

gomphosis

Physical properties of synovial fluid except:

✅ viscous ✅ watery ✅ elastic ❎ plastic

These are sites of bone resorption where ruffled border meets bone surface

howship’s lacunae

True of osteoclasts

monocyte progenitors fuse together to form mature multilinear cells

Which of the ff cell types releases osteoclastogenic cytokines such as RANKL

monocytes

Which system of lacunae networks is used among osteocytes to communicate

volkmann canals

Mesenchymal stem cells have the capability to differentiate into all the following cell types except

osteoclasts

This zone is characterized by proliferation of chondrocytes with longitudinal growth and stacking of chondrocytes

proliferative zone

What region of the physis does collagen type X play a prominent role

hypertrophic zone

Theory on bone remodeling as a response to mechanical stress

Wolff’s law

The red bone marrow is composed of

40% fat ?? 30% protein ?? 50% cells ??

When does bone appear

8th embryonic week

Process contributing to the growth in thickness of bone structure

Cartilage bone

Type of collagen predominantly present in elastic cartilage

Type II

A saddle joint is best represented by

carpometacarpal joint

At what age does yellow bone marrow appear

7 yrs old

A condition characterized by defective mineralization of cartilage matrix in growing bones wherein cartilage cells continue to grow resulting excess cartilage and widening of the epiphyseal plates

Osteopetrosis

These cells play a key role in the hormonal regulation of bone resorption since they express receptors for parathyroid hormone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other promoters of bone resorption

Osteoclasts

A component of the synovial fluid which is determinant of the viscoelastic and thixotrophic property of the synovial fluid

hyaluronan

A type of joint which restricts movement to one plane only (uniaxial) and posses strong collateral ligaments

hinge

A type of motion involving gliding or sliding without appreciable angulation

axial rotation

Muscles attached to the anterior surface of the maubrium

sternocleidomastoid

This structure is sharp, superior edge of the pectineal suface in which the conjoint tendon and lacunar ligament s are attached to its medial end

pubic tubercle

The internal concavity of the ilium is called

iliac fossa

The ligament is attached to the ischial spine and separates the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

sacrospinous ligament

Also known as inferior pelvic aperture

pelvic outlet

Sites of new matrix deposition

howship’s lacunae

1 Flashcards

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