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Organogenesis > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the development of the specific tissues and organs of the body.

A

Organogenesis

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2
Q

Organs that perform related functions are grouped into a

A

System

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3
Q

How many organ system does the body has?

A

11

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4
Q

Central nervous system is composed of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Are the basic functional unit of the CNS

A

Neurons ( nerve cells)

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6
Q

The connective tissue cells of the CNS are the

A

gliocytes
(oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microgliocytes and ependymal cells).

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7
Q

which contains cytoplasm and nucleus;

A

nerve cell body

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8
Q

which conducts impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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9
Q

The axon presents at its
end many tiny branches called

A

Telodendria

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10
Q

where impulses leave the neuron

A

Telondria

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11
Q

which receive stimuli from the environment and convert these stimuli into
impulses.

A

Dendrites

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12
Q

Axon only

A

Unipolar neuron

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13
Q

neuron w/ only one process

A

Unipolar neuron

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14
Q

axon & dendrite

A

Bipolar neuron

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15
Q

neuron w/ two processes

A

Bipolar neuron

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16
Q

neuron w/ many processes

A

Multipolar neuron

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17
Q

One axon & and many dendrites

A

Multipolar neuron

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18
Q

Enlarged cranial portion of the neural tube becomes the

A

Brain

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19
Q

The slender middle and caudal portions become the

A

Spinal cord

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20
Q

Neural canal becomes the …….

A

ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the
spinal cord.

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21
Q

Neural crest cells become

A

(1) neurons of the PNS that have their cell bodies in
ganglia,
(2) neurolemocytes (Schwann cells) of the PNS,
(3) adrenal medulla
cells,
(4) melanocytes of skin and
(5) a variety of structures in the face.

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22
Q

Neuroepithelium gives rise to

A

neurons, gliocytes and ependymal cells of the CNS.

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23
Q

CNS contains….

A

blood vessels and
microgliocyte derived from mesoderm

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24
Q

inner layer; composed of neuroepithelial
cells that remain lining the central canal and designated as ependymal cells

A

Germinal layer or ventricular zone

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25
Q

middle layer; zone of high cell density,
formed by accumulation of neuroblasts and glioblasts

A

Mantle layer or intermediate zone

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26
Q

becomes the gray matter of
the CNS w/c contains cell bodies of neurons & several gliocytes.

A

Mantle layer or intermediate zone

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27
Q

The outer layer surrounding the mantle layer; cell-sparse zone
where axons of neurons & some gliocytes are present;

A

Marginal layer

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28
Q

becomes the white matter
of the CNS which contains mainly myelinated axons of neurons.

A

Marginal layer

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29
Q

The lateral wall of the neural tube is divided into 2 plates by sulcus limitans

A

Alar or dorsal plate
Basal or ventral plate

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30
Q

a bilateral indentation in the neural cavity
that serves as a landmark to divide the wall

A

Sulcus limitans

31
Q

contains cell bodies of
efferent or motor neurons that send axons into the PNS

A

Basal plate

32
Q

contains neurons that
receive afferent or sensory input from the PNS.

A

Alar plate

33
Q

Midline region of the wall dorsal to the neural canal constitutes the

A

roof plate

34
Q

counterpart wall ventral to the neural canal is the

A

Floor plate

35
Q

How many hours the incubaton of chick embryo the enlarged cranial end of the neural
tube forms 3 brain vesicles?

A

27 hrs

36
Q

occupies the rostral part of the head

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

37
Q

Neural canal is prosocoele; presents a depression on its floor, the infundibulum;

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

38
Q

Neural canal
is prosocoele; presents a depression on its floor, the

A

Infundibulum

39
Q

located posterior to and marked off from the
prosencephalon by constriction

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

40
Q

In mesencephalon the neural canal is

A

Mesocoele

41
Q

located posteriorly and marked off from the
mesencephalon by a slight constriction.

A

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

42
Q

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) located posteriorly and marked off from the
mesencephalon by a slight constriction. Neural canal is

A

Rhombocoele

43
Q

continuous posteriorly w/ the spinal cord

A

Rhombocoele

44
Q

that will develop into brain presents 11 enlargements

A

The cranial neural tube

45
Q

The cranial neural tube that will develop into brain presents 11 enlargements
called

A

Neuromeres

46
Q

are a sign of metamerism or segmentation in the embryo

A

Neuromeres

47
Q

Neuromeres…..

A

I to III make up the prosencephalon, neuromeres IV
V, the mesencephalon
VI to XI, the rhombencephalon.

48
Q

How many hrs of incubation, the lateral walls of prosencephalon evaginate
to form two primary optic vesicles?

A

29-30hrs

49
Q

The rostral end of prosencephalon presents the
___________ that is almost closed by 33 hrs of incubation

A

Anterior neuropore

50
Q

occurs at the level of the midbrain; concave ventrally

A

Midbrain flexure

51
Q

occurs between the midbrain and the hindbrain; concave
dorsally.

A

Pontine flexure

52
Q

appears at the junction of the hindbrain and spinal cord;
persists slightly in domestic animals; concave ventrally.

A

Cervical flexure

53
Q

By 38 hours of incubation, three brain vesicles become four due to the division of

A

the rhombencephalon into metencephalon (VI - VII) and myelencephalon (VIII - XI).
Rhombocoele of metencephalon is metacoele; that of the myelencephalon is the
myelocoele.

54
Q

By 55 hours of incubation the prosencephalon shows evidence of division into the …..

A

cephalic telencephalon and caudal diencephalon, the latter being composed of the
optic vesicles and part of prosencephalon lying between the optic vesicles

55
Q

By 72 hours of incubation, the telencephalon presents a median portion called

A

median telencephalon

56
Q

2 lateral evagination called

A

lateral telencephalic vesicles.

57
Q

Prosocoele of median telencephalon is the

A

Median telecoele

58
Q

while the prosocoele of the
lateral telencephalic vesicles are the

A

lateral telocoele

59
Q

Neural canal becomes the

A

Central canal

60
Q

failure of cerebellum to develop due to
destruction of cerebellar cortex.

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy

61
Q

premature degeneration of Purkinje cell layer of
cerebellar cortex.

A

Cerebellar abiotrophy

62
Q

accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the
cranial cavity.

A

Hydrocephalus

63
Q

thin walled and greatly enlarged lateral ventricle filled with
CSF.

A

Hydranencephaly

64
Q

general term for a malformation of the spinal cord. Originates
during neurula.

A

Myelodysplasia

65
Q

reduced or absence of development of one or
more segments of spinal cord.

A

Hypoplasia (aplasia)

66
Q

dilation of central canal due to excess accumulation of
CSF.

A

Hydromyelia

67
Q

abnormal cavitation of the spinal cord.

A

Syrinomyelia

68
Q

2 spinal cords develop beside each other usually in one set
or meninges and in one vertebral canal

A

Diplomyelia

69
Q

2 spinal cords develop w/ a partition between them.
Usually in separate vertebral canals and have separate meninges.

A

Diastematomyelia

70
Q

cleft in the neural tube brought about by the failure of this part to close
during neurulation.

A

Myeloschisis

71
Q

protrusion of the meninges through an opening in the vertebral
arches to form a cyst beneath the skin.

A

Meningocoele

72
Q

similar to meningocoele except that both meninges and
spinal cord protrudes

A

Meningomyelocoele

73
Q

Are associated with spina bifida

A

Myelochisis
Meningocoele
Meningomyelocoele

74
Q

the failure of vertebral arches to close dorsal to spinal cord.

A

Spina bifida

Organogenesis (4 decks)

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