1

Question 1

Who developed the early medical theory?

Answer 1

Hippocrates (460-377B.C.)

Question 2

Who stated that disease was the result of excess substance—such as blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—within the body?

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

It was though that removal of excess would restore ———–

Answer 3

Balance

Question 4

What was one important surgical technique?

Answer 4

Venesection

Question 5

What does venesection mean?

Answer 5

cuttinng a vein

Question 6

Where is venesection used?

Answer 6

process of bloodletting

Question 7

Where does Venesection come from?

Answer 7

Latin

Question 8

Venesection: ‘vena’ means?

Answer 8

vein

Question 9

Venesection: ‘sectio’ means?

Answer 9

cutting

Question 10

What is the most common method of general bloodletting?

Answer 10

Venesection

Question 11

What involved cutting into a vein with a sharp instrument and releasing blood in an effort to rid the body of evil spirits, cleanse the body of impurities, or, as in Hippocrates time, bring the body into proper balance?

Answer 11

Venesection

Question 12

Venesection is another word for?

Answer 12

Phlebotomy

Question 13

Where does phlebotomy come from?

Answer 13

Greek

Question 14

Phlebotomy: ‘phlebos’ means?

Answer 14

vein

Question 15

Phlebotomy: ‘tome’ means?

Answer 15

incision

Question 16

Some authorities believe phlebotomy dates back to the last period of ——————, when crude tools were used to puncture vessels and allow excess blood to drain out of the body?

Answer 16

Stone Age

Question 17

What flourished in the early middle ages?

Answer 17

Barber surgeons

Question 18

Who were the first healthcare professionals who took care of soldiers?

Answer 18

Barber surgeons

Question 19

What was formed in 1210?

Answer 19

Guild of Barber Surgeons

Question 20

When was the Guild of Barber Surgeons formed?

Answer 20

1210

Question 21

What are the two divisions in the Barber Surgeons stated in 1210?

Answer 21

Surgeons of the Long Robe and Surgeons of the Short Robe

Question 22

What Robe under the Barber Surgeons were forbidden by the law to do any surgery except bloodletting, wound surgery, cupping, leeching, shaving, tooth extraction, and enema administration?

Answer 22

Short Robe

Question 23

What are the Short Robe forbidden to do abided by the law?

Answer 23

Any surgery except bloodletting, wound surgery, cupping, leeching, shaving, tooth extraction, and enema administration

Question 24

What did the Barber Surgeons placed outside their doors for them to be distinguished?

Answer 24

Striped pole

Question 25

Barber Surgeons: What did the striped pole represented?

Answer 25

The pole represented the rod squeezed by the patient to promote bleeding and the white stripe on the pole corresponded to the bandages, which were also used as tourniquets

Question 26

When was phlebotomy considered a major therapeutic (treatment) process?

Answer 26

17th and early 18th centuries

Question 27

What tool was used for cutting the vein during venesection and was perhaps the most prevalent medical instrument of the times?

Answer 27

Lancet

Question 28

What was the usual amount of blood withdrawn?

Answer 28

Aproximately 10mL

Question 29

What was thought to have contributed to George Washington's death in 1799?

Answer 29

Excessive phlebotomy

Question 30

What was George Washington diagnosed?

Answer 30

Throat infection

Question 31

How many times and days was George Washington bled?

Answer 31

Four times in 2 days

Question 32

During 17th and 18th century, phlebotomy was also accomplished by?

Answer 32

Cupping and leeching

Question 33

What art required a great deal of practice to maintain the high degree of dexterity necessary to avoid appearing clumsy and thus frighten the patient away?

Answer 33

Cupping

Question 34

What involved the application of a heated suction apparatus to the skin to draw the blood to the surface?

Answer 34

Cupping

Question 35

What was the heated suction apparatus called?

Answer 35

Cup

Question 36

What typical fleam was used in making a series of parallel incisions in the capillaries?

Answer 36

A wide double-edged blade at right angles to the handle

Question 37

What were used for general phlebotomy to open an artery or, more commonly, a vein to remove large amounts of blood?

Answer 37

Fleams

Question 38

What were used for more localized bloodletting?

Answer 38

Leeches

Question 39

Name of leeches used

Answer 39

Hirudo medicinalis, a European medicinal leech

Question 40

A procedure that involved enticing the Hirudo medicinalis, a European medicinal leech, to the spot needing bloodletting with a drop of milk or blood on the patient's skin.

Answer 40

Leeching

Question 41

By the mid-18th century what was widely practiced in Europe, especially in France?

Answer 41

Leeching

Question 42

Within the last decade, leeched have made a comeback as ---------- from the complications of ---------------- replantation

Answer 42

defenders; microsurgical

Question 43

The value of leech therapy lies in the ----------?

Answer 43

Components of the worm's saliva

Question 44

What does the leeches' saliva contain?

Answer 44

Local vasodilator (substance that increases the diameter of blood vessels), a local anasthetic, and hirudin, an anticoagulant (a substance that prevents clotting)

Question 45

Today, phlebotomy is performed to?

Answer 45

* Obtain blood for diagnostic purposes and to monitor prescribed treatement * Remove blood for transfusions at a donor center (DONOR PHLEBOTOMY) * Remove blood fpr therapeutic purposes, such as treatment for polycythemia, a disorder involving the overproduction of red blood cells (PATIENT PHLEBOTOMY)

Question 46

Phlebotomy is primarily accomplished by one of two procedures. What are these?

Answer 46

* Venipuncture * Capillary puncture

Question 47

This involves collecting blood by penetrating a vein with a needle and syringe or other collection apparatus

Answer 47

Venipuncture

Question 48

This involves collecting blood after puncturing the skin with a lancet

Answer 48

Capillary puncture

Question 49

What is the term applied to any individual who has been trained in the various techniques to obtain blood for laboratory testing or blood donations?

Answer 49

Phlebotomist