1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the four processes of respiration?
1) Pulmonary ventilation
2) External ventilation
3) Gas transport
4) Internal respiration
what are the external nares bounded by laterally?
The alae
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity? What cavity does this separate the nasal cavity from.
Hard and soft palates. Oral cavity.
What is the vestibule of the nose?
The part of the external nose that is superior to the nares.
What does the olfactory mucosa contain?
Smell receptors
What is the respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity composed of?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells.
Mucous producing goblet cells.
What is found beneath the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity?
Multicellular mucous glands that produce watery mucous.
How is the air filtered in the nose? What is this called?
Inhaled particles stick to the mucous that lines the nasal mucosa
Nasal cilia continuously propel this towards the pharynx where it is swallowed.
The mucocilliary escalator.
What does nasal mucous contain that help destroy bacteria?
Lysozyme and defensins.
What is the function of the conchae?
These are bony projections on the side of the nasal cavity that make the air turbulent and increases chance of particles coming into contact with mucosa.
Helps warm and humidify the air.
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Four pairs of sinuses.
Frontal
Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal
Maxillary
Air filled mucosal lined cavities in the cranial bones.
What is the function of the nasopharynx?
Air passageway
Closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
What is the nasopharynx lined with?
Psudostratified columnar epithelium
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil?
High on posterior nasopharyngeal wall near the openings of the pharyngotympanic tubes.
Where is the oropharynx?
Extends inferiorly from the bottom of the soft palate to the tip of the epiglottis.
What is the archway that acts as the opening to the oral cavity for the oropharynx?
The fauces
What is the oropharynx lined with?
stratified squamous epithelium
Where are the palatine tonsils?
lateral walls of the fauces
Where is the laryngopharynx?
Posterior to larynx where the repiratory and digestive pathways diverge.
Continuous with the oesophagus posteriorly.
It is where the eipiglottis is.
What is the function of the laryngopharynx?
Common passageway for food and air
Where is the larynx?
Top of trachea below the epiglottis
In front of laryngopharynx
Where are the vocal ligaments?
Attach the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage.
What are the vocal ligaments formed of? What are they called?
Elastic fibres that form mucosal folds. True vocal cords
What is the medial opening between the true vocal folds called?
The glottis
