Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hum Industrial Revolution > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When did the industrial revolution begin in Great Britain?

A

1760

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diffusion of the Industrial revolution:
What did Britain lead the way in?

A

-Transportation
(Ships and trains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consequences of the Industrial revolution

A

-increased food production; population growth
-migration from rural to urban
-large farm proliferation is rewarded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malthusian Catastrophe

A

when the amount of food is too little to sustain the number of people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

New social and spatial forms

A

-New social classes and relations
New division of labor
-Mass production and assembly line “deskilling”
-Division of labor and gender
-work vs home life and uniformity
-Workers only learn one thing and then become very replaceable as a consequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

International competition for resources

A

-Great Britain and India
-Berlin conference/scramble for Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

International competition for markets

A

-foreign markets and the international division of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Developed Country

A

has progressed further along the development continuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developing country

A

has made less than desired progress along the development continuum
-progress varies between developing countries so the UN divides them into high, medium and low developing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Development

A

is the process of improving the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

measures the level of development for a country through the combination of:
-living standards, a long healthy life, education, and access to knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Developing regions of the world

A

Latin America, Siberia, Southwest Asia/North Africa, Central Asia, East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Developed regions of the world

A

-North America, Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gross national income (GNI)

A

is the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year (including money that leaves/enters the country)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

A

is the adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods and services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

the value of the output goods and services produced in a country in a year (does not include money that leaves/enters the country)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary sector

A

includes extracting materials from the earth by mining, fishing, farming, forestry, hunting/gathering, and nomadic herding.
-3% US jobs
-paid less/mostly in deving countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary sector

A

includes manufacturing: processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials into products.
-industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tertiary sector

A

includes the provision of goods and services to people in exchange for payment: retailing, banking, law, education, and government. Examples: marketing, loans, repairs, waiting, tables, entertainment, tourism, teaching
-80% of U.S. jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Quaternary sector

A

-Deals with money and processing of information
-Examples of these types of jobs are banking, insurance, and real estate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Quinary sector

A

The upper echelon- presidents and kings n kick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Quinary sector

A

Jobs that deal with decision-making and leadership
-executives, government officials, school principals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Productivity

A

is the value of the product compared with the amount of labor needed to make it
-Developed countries can produce more with less effort: access to tractors
-Developed: more productivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Years of schooling

A

the number of years the average over 25 has spent in school
-Developed countries: 12.2 year avg
-Developing countries: 7.3 year avg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Expected years of schooling for today’s youth
the number of years that the UN expects an average 5 year old will spend in school. -Developed countries: 16.4 years (half of 5 year olds graduate college) -Developing countries: 10.1 years
26
Gender Development Index (GDI)
Indicator that measures the gender gap
27
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Indicator that measures the gender gap in the level of achievement in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market
28
labor-intensive industry
is an industry in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses. -$35 per hour for developed, less than $2 in China/India
29
Post-Fordist production
is often used to describe flexible production. This organizes workers into teams that perform a variety of tasks and solve problems through consensus (computer literacy, college degrees)
30
Bulk-reducing industry
An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products -minimize transport costs by locating near its sources of inputs
31
Proximity to markets
The optimal plant location is as close as possible to the customer if the cost of transporting raw materials to the factory is less than the cost of transporting the product to consumers
32
Proximity to Input
The optimal plant location is as close to possible to inputs if the cost of transporting raw materials to the factory is greater than the cost of transporting the product to consumers
33
situation factors
location factors relating to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
34
Bulk-gaining industry
makes something that gains volume or weight during production. -minimize transport costs by locating near its sources of inputs -Steel/Metal fabrication, Automobiles, Beverage industry
35
Single-market manufacturers
are specialized manufacturers with only one or two customers.
36
Break-in-bulk point
a place where goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another -docks where goods transfer from ship to truck.
37
Perishable-Products Companies
-located near their markets -bread, milk -food production -Canned food isn’t as perishable
38
(IHDI)
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI): Inequality within Human Development
39
world-systems theory
According to Wallerstein’s world-systems theory, in an increasingly unified world economy, developed countries form an inner core area, whereas developing countries occupy peripheral locations
40
Rostow’s Model Stage One
Stage One: Traditional Society Trade: Local exchange Labor Market: Primary Sector (subsistence farming) (personal farming Wealth: little ability to “move up” Examples: Medevil Europe
41
Rostow’s Model Stage two
Stage Two: Preconditions for Takeoff Trade: Small scale international trade developing Labor Market: shift to secondary sector; beginning of industrialization Wealth: Increased Investment in business and infastructure Examples: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia
42
Rostow’s Model Stage three
Stage Three: Takeoff Trade: Major export industry, increased international trade Labor Market: Full industrialization and high output Wealth: Businesses make money -> shift to patteerens of consumption Examples: NICS: Newly Industrialized Countries: Philippines, India, Vietnam
43
Rostow’s Model Stage four
Stage Four: Drive to Maturity Trade: larger variety of exports Labor Market: industry, skilled workers, education widespread, tertiary sector Wealth: Investment in social infastructure: schools, hospitals, etc. Examples: Brazil, Russia, China
44
Rostow’s Model Stage five
Stage Five: High Mass Consumption Trade: global trade leader Labor Market: most tertiary sector Wealth: More money spent by citizens on nonessential goods Examples: Japan, Western Europe, US, Canada
45
Core-periphery model - core, semi-periphery, periphery countries
Core: US, UK, Japan, Australia, Germany Semi-Periphery: Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico, South Africa Periphery: Peru, Nigeria, Haiti, every sub-saharan african country ever
46
Dependency Theory:
Resources=Raw materials -Move from Periphery to Semi periphery to Core -Cheap Labor in Periphery/SP
47
Commodity Dependence
the percentage of money gained from exporting goods Global North and Global South -> North more to developed (including Europe, NA, AUS)
48
Self-Sufficiency Model:
(The internal and more selfish approach) discouraging foreign ownership of resources, and protecting their businesses from international competition
49
Import limit examples
high taxes on imported goods, limiting the quantity of imported goods, and licensees restricting the number of legal importers
50
Insulation
Fledgling businesses are nursed to success by being isolated from competititon with large international corporations. Such insulation from the potentially adverse impacts of decisions made by businesses and governments in developed countries encourages a country’s fragile business to achieve independence
51
Equal investment
investment spread equally within a country's economy and regions Equal income: Incomes in the countryside keep pace with those in the city and reducing
52
Four Dragons:
South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong were among the first countries to adopt the international trade path
53
Petroleum-rich Arabian Peninsula States
Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE; were among the world’s least developed countries, until the escalating petroleum prices beginnings in the 1970s.
54
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
International trade requires corporations based in a particular country to invest in other countries. -although this does not flow equally around the world -one third went to China, another one third to Singapore, Brazil, Russia, and Mexico
55
Microfinances
are an alternative source of loans for would-be business owners in developing countries that are too poor to qualify for regular bank loans.
56
Complementarity
interaction between two countries that provide resources, goods, and services that meet the need of the oher (60% of US oil is from Canada)
57
Comparative Advantage
specialize in one particular thing you are best at making Trade surplus: Exporting more than importing
58
Trade deficit
Importing more than exporting
59
Trade surplus
Exporting more than importing
60
Tariff
tax paid on imports or exports but “passed on to consumers” -Trade War: making it harder to trade (Russia, Cuba) -Embargoes
61
World Trade Organization
WTO (est .1995): World Trade Organization -ensure that trade flows as smoothly as possible -global system of trade rules
62
Merrcosur
Merrcosur (est. 1991): South American trade market -regional agreement -Venezuela suspended lmao -French Guiana not included
63
OPEC
OPEC (est. 1960): Organization of the Petroleum Export Countries -Produces 40% of the world’s oil -agreeing on the supply of oil (NOT the price)
64
International Finance
International Finance -aids developing countries -Free trade, open markets
65
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa - countries chilling together potentially ruling the global economy in the future
66
Outsourcing
is when transnational corporations allocate production to low-wage countries. -important in the electronics industry
67
Vertical integration
is the traditional approach of mass production, in which one company would control every stage of production
68
SEZs
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) -SEZs are geographically delimited areas within which governments promote industrial activity through fiscal and regulatory incentives and infrastructure support. They go by many different names, including free-trade zones and industrial parks -Objectives: foreign investment, employment, economic reform, policy testing
69
Government role in economy:
-Taxes, education/training, support agglomeration economies (silicon valley, Motown), Tariffs, international agreements (NAFTA, USMCA)
70
Maquiladoras
Mexican assembly plant that imports materials and equipment from companies in the U.S. to assemble and export back as finished products
71
Division of Labor
-changing locations of industry -Developing in your own house -multiple floors -advances to the assembly line model -nowadays usually not everything is done in one country
72
Capital of Tonga
Nuku'Alofa
73
Bedroom in Spanish
dormitorio
74
quieres?
tacos

Hum Industrial Revolution (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions