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1 Flashcards

1
Q

most abundant Ig

A

IgG

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2
Q

B cell membrane receptor Igs

A

IgM and IgD

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3
Q

which Ig crosses placenta

A

IgG

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4
Q

monomer Igs

A

IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM

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5
Q

dimeric Ig

A

IgA

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6
Q

pentameric Ig

A

IgM

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7
Q

receptor that IgE binds to

A

Fc episilon RI

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8
Q

isoforms of antibodies

A

alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, mu

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9
Q

types of Ig light chains

A

lambda and kappa

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10
Q

which antibody is found in saliva, mucosal lining, milk, sweat

A

IgA

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11
Q

what are allotypes

A

antibodies differing in the constant region, IgG1-4

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12
Q

what are idiotypes

A

antibodies differing in the variable region

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13
Q

CD19

A

B cells

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14
Q

CD20

A

B cells

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15
Q

CD45

A

leukocyte common antigen, found on all leukocytes

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16
Q

CD40

A

specific to antigen presenting cells

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17
Q

CD3

A

T cells

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18
Q

CD4

A

T helper cells

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19
Q

CD8

A

cytotoxic T cells

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20
Q

CD4/8 ratio

A

normal is 1.4, below 1 may indicate HIV

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21
Q

CD14

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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22
Q

CD56

A

natural killer cells

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23
Q

B cell activation by Td antigens

A

Th is necessary, mainly protein antigens, produces IgG, long lasting

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24
Q

B cell activation by Ti antigens

A

mainly sugar antigens, IgM production, short response

25
Q

CD25

A

activated lymphocytes

26
Q

peripheral blood mononucleated cells

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

27
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

28
Q

forward scatter is for

A

cell size, differentiation between cell debris and living cells

29
Q

side scatter is for

A

cell granularity

30
Q

T cells are mainly for which immune response

A

non-specific, cell-mediated

31
Q

B-cells are mainly for which immune response

A

specific, humoral

32
Q

PAMPs are recognised by

A

PRR, pattern recognition receptors

33
Q

test for chemotaxis

A

migration test, uses boyden chamber

34
Q

test for absorption ability of phagocytes

A

phagotest, using fluorescent leukocytes

35
Q

test for intracellular killing ability

A

phagoburst test (ROS turns dye fluorescent) or nitroblue tetrazolium test (microscope, yellow to blue)

36
Q

test for cytotoxic function

A

Chromium assay or using FC

37
Q

test for lymphocyte proliferation

A

tritium labeled thymidine, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or carboxyfluorescin succinimidyl ester (CFSE)

38
Q

test for complement activation

A

CH50, radial hemolysis (sheep erythrocytes)

39
Q

test for assessing complement factors

A

radial immunodiffusion, ELISA, nephelometry

40
Q

C3a complement function

A

recruits whiteblood cells

41
Q

C3b complement function

A

forms enzyme that cleaves C5 to produce more C5a and C5b, also opsonisation

42
Q

C5a complement function

A

recruits white blood cells

43
Q

C5b complement function

A

triggers cascade that leads to formation of membrane attack complex

44
Q

combined immunodeficiencies

A

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, Ataxia- teleangiectasia, Nijmegen syndrome, DiGeorge anomaly, Job syndrome

45
Q

antibody deficiencies

A

Bruton agammaglobulinemia, CVID

46
Q

congenital defects of phagocytes

A

chronic granulomatous disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency

47
Q

western blot vs elisa for antibody assessment

A

western blot- less sensitive, more specific, used for confirmation
elisa- more sensitive, less specific, can give false positives

48
Q

disturbance with cell origin, maturation, proliferation

A

SCID, DiGeorge, Wiskott-Aldrich

49
Q

cell function disturbances

A

(cytokine, Ab, ROS production) Bruton agammaglobulinemia, chronic granulomatous disease

50
Q

antigen presentation disturbance

A

bare lymphocyte syndrome

51
Q

cell migration and adhesion disturbance

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

52
Q

DNA repair, chromosome instability

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia, Nijmegen syndrome

53
Q

disturbed apoptosis

A

autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder

54
Q

when screening HIV test for

A

anti gp 120 Abs and HIV p24 Ag

55
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

antigen/IgE binding which causes reaction by mast cells and basophils
causes anaphylaxis and asthma

56
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic, IgG/IgM forms complement with antigen on target cell, which causes target cell destruction

57
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG/IgM forms complex with antigens with gets deposited

57
Q

type 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG/IgM forms complex with antigens with gets deposited

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