1 Flashcards
What is “application migration”?
The process of moving applications from one computing environment to another, often as part of a cloud adoption strategy.
What is “application modernization”?
Updating legacy applications, processes, and data management with cloud computing technologies.
Modernization can help organizations improve IT performance, enhance customer and employee experiences, and accelerate time to market for new offerings and updates.
What is “artificial intelligence (AI)”?
The capability of a computer system to imitate human intelligence. Using math and logic, the computer system simulates the reasoning that humans use to learn from new information and make decisions.
What is “artificial intelligence (AI) vs. machine learning (ML)”?
“Intelligent” computers use AI to process information like humans do and complete tasks on their own. Machine learning—which is an application of AI—uses algorithms to enable computer systems to learn without human instruction and develop their own intelligence.
What is “big data analytics”?
Consists of the tools, systems, and applications that companies use to gather, process, and gain insights from vast, high-velocity datasets.
These complex datasets originate from various sources, including the internet, emails, social media, and smart devices.
What are “business analytics tools”?
Tools that extract data from business systems and integrate it into a repository, such as a data warehouse, where it can be analyzed.
Analytics tools range from spreadsheets with statistical functions to sophisticated data mining and predictive modeling tools.
What are “business intelligence (BI) tools”?
Tools that process large amounts of unstructured data in books, journals, documents, health records, images, files, email, video, and so forth, to help you discover meaningful trends and identify new business opportunities.
What is “caching”?
The process of storing important data in temporary memory more quickly and efficiently than conventionally stored data.
Caching helps to optimize database costs, improve throughput, reduce latency, and boost app performance.
What is a “cloud”?
A metaphor for a global computing network of remote servers that run applications, store data, and deliver content and services.
The cloud enables data to be accessed online from internet-enabled devices, rather than solely from local computers.
What is “cloud bursting”?
A configuration between a private cloud and a public cloud to manage demand for cloud resources. If 100 percent of the resource capacity in a private cloud is used, overflow traffic is directed to the public cloud using cloud bursting.
What is “cloud computing”?
A delivery model for computing resources in which various servers, applications, data, and other resources are integrated and provided as a service over the internet.
Resources are often virtualized, and users typically only pay for the services they use.
What are “cloud computing types”?
The three most popular ones are:
+ (SaaS) for web-based applications
+ (PaaS) to give developers the tools to build and host web applications.
+ (IaaS) for internet-based access to storage and computing, and platform as a service
What is “cloud migration”?
The process of moving some or all of a company’s resources to one or multiple locations in the cloud. Although cloud migration often entails moving resources from on-premises locations to a cloud provider’s servers, it can also entail moving resources between clouds.
What are “cloud migration benefits”?
The benefits of cloud migration include optimized IT costs, greater flexibility and scalability, enhanced security and compliance, improved business continuity, and simplified resource management and monitoring.
What is a “cloud service provider”?
A company that provides a cloud-based platform, infrastructure, application, or storage service, usually for a fee.
What are “computer grids”?
Groups of networked computers that act together to perform large tasks, such as analyzing huge sets of data and weather modeling.
Cloud computing lets you use vast computer grids for specific time periods and purposes, paying only for your usage, and saving the time and expense of purchasing and deploying the necessary resources yourself.
What is “computer vision”?
A form of AI that emulates the way that humans see, understand, and recognize images.
Computer vision uses algorithms and automation to enable computers to identify and interpret the people and objects that appear in images and videos.
What is a “container”?
A unit of software that groups an application’s code with the configuration files, libraries, and dependencies it needs to run. Containers allow IT teams to deploy applications across different environments with minimal adjustments.
What is “data governance”?
Data governance refers to the unique processes, policies, and standards that an organization uses to help keep its data secure, private, and accurate.
Organizations that rely on data for business growth need a strategy to manage that data effectively and efficiently.
What is “data integration”?
The process of combining and consolidating data from several different sources into a single system with a unified view.
What is a “data lake”?
A type of data repository that captures both relational and non-relational data from a variety of sources.
Unlike a data warehouse, which can only store structured data, a data lake can store semi-structured and unstructured data in addition to structured data.
What is “data migration”?
Transferring data from one storage location, like an on-premises server, to a different location, like the server of a cloud provider.
Data migration encompasses selecting, preparing, extracting, and transferring data from one computer storage system to another.
What are “data science scientists”?
Scientists who use technology, mathematical, business, and communication expertise to extract valuable information from large datasets. Data scientists use big data to uncover patterns, make predictions, and create strategies in a wide variety of fields.
What is a “data warehouse”?
A central storage location for structured and semi-structured data used for reporting and analysis.
Information can be sent to a data warehouse from a variety of sources, including point-of-sale systems, applications, and relational databases.
What is “database security”?
The processes, tools, and controls that organizations use to secure and protect their databases against threats and security risks.
Database security protects the database itself, database management systems, physical and virtual servers, and network infrastructure.
What is “database sharing”?
A type of partitioning that lets you divide a large database into smaller databases, which can be managed faster and more easily across servers.
What are “databases”?
At its broadest definition, a database is a collection of information that is related.
In computer science, a database refers to a collection of data that is stored on a computer system. The most basic types of databases are relational and nonrelational.
What is “deep learning”?
A type of machine learning in which artificial neural networks process, learn, and make decisions based on unstructured data.
It’s often used to analyze large, complex datasets, complete nonlinear tasks, and respond to inputs faster and more accurately than humans.
What is “DevOps”?
The union of people, process, and technology to enable continuous delivery of value to customers.
The practice of DevOps brings development and operations teams together to speed software delivery and make products more secure and reliable.
What is “edge computing”?
A technology that allows Internet of Things (IoT) devices to process data at the “edge” of a network, either by the device itself or by a local server. This improves response time on remote devices and allows businesses to get more timely insights from device data.
What is “elastic computing”?
The ability to dynamically provision and de-provision computer processing, memory, and storage resources to meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak usage.
What is “face recognition”?
A personal identification technology that relies on optical analysis to analyze an image. Face recognition can be used for face identification, grouping, and verification.
What is “grid computing”?
A service that uses a group of networked computers working together as a virtual supercomputer to perform large or data-intensive tasks.
What is “hybrid cloud computing”?
A type of computing where on-premises data centers are combined with cloud computing products and services in order to modernize legacy resources. This allows businesses to improve IT performance, optimize costs, and instantly scale capacity up or down.
What is “infrastructure as a service (Iaas)”?
A virtualized computer environment delivered as a service over the internet by a cloud provider. Infrastructure can include servers, network equipment, and software.
What is “Internet of Things (IoT)”?
The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to equipment, machines, products, and devices that are connected to the cloud and configured to collect and securely transmit data.
IoT helps many industries analyze data and make informed decisions about that data in real-time.
What is “Java programming language”?
A multi-platform, object-oriented programming language that powers applications, smartphone operating systems, enterprise software, and many well-known programs on billions of devices worldwide.
What is “machine learning”?
The process of using mathematical models to predict outcomes instead of relying on a set of instructions. Is a subcategory of AI where computer software is “taught” to draw conclusions and make predictions from data.
The process bears similarity to how humans learn, in that increased experience can increase accuracy.
What are “machine learning algorithms”?
Help data scientists identify patterns within sets of data. Machine learning algorithms are selected based on the desired outcome—predicting values, identifying anomalies, finding structure, or determining categories—and are commonly divided by whether they’re used for supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or reinforcement learning.
What is “Microsoft Azure”?
The Microsoft cloud platform features a vast collection of products and services designed to help you bring new solutions to life. Azure enables you to build, run, and manage applications across multiple clouds, on-premises, and at the edge.
What is “middeware”?
Software that lies between an operating system and the applications running on it. Middleware enables communication and data management for distributed applications. Examples include web servers, application servers, and content management systems.
What is “mobile app development”?
All of the processes involved in the development, coding, and release of a mobile application for use on portable electronic devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, e-readers, smart watches, and handheld game consoles.
What is “NoSQL”?
NoSQL is a set of nonrelational database technologies developed with unique capabilities to handle high volumes of unstructured and changing data. NoSQL technology offers dynamic schema, horizontal scaling, and the ability to store and retrieve data as columns, graphs, key-values, or documents.
What is “platforms as a service (PaaS)”?
A computing platform (operating system and other services) is delivered as a service over the internet by a cloud provider like Azure.
An application development environment that you can subscribe to and use immediately is an example of PaaS.
What is “PostgreSQL”?
An open-source relational database that’s popular with developers and administrators for its flexibility and integrity. PostgreSQL is used across a range of fields, including financial services, manufacturing, retail, and logistics.
What is “private cloud”?
Cloud computing services offered over the internet or over a private internal network to only select users and not the general public.
What are “private, public, vs hybrid clouds”?
+ A public cloud relies on cloud resources that are owned and operated by a third-party service provider.
+ While a private cloud is used exclusively by one organization.
+ A hybrid cloud combines on-premises infrastructure—or a private cloud—with a public cloud.
What is a “public cloud”?
Cloud computing services offered over the internet by a third-party provider and available to anyone who wants to purchase them.
What is “quantum computing”?
The use of quantum mechanics to run calculations on specialized hardware. Quantum computers apply the behaviors of quantum physics to computing, including superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference.
What is a “qubit”?
The basic unit of information in quantum computing. While a classical binary bit can only represent a single binary value, such as 1 or 0, a qubit (also known as a quantum bit) can represent 0 or 1 or any proportion of 0 and 1 in the superposition of both states.
What is a “relational database”?
An efficient, flexible type of database that stores and organizes data points with defined relationships for fast access. Data is organized into tables that hold information about each entity and display predefined categories as rows and columns.
What is “scaling out vs. scaling up”?
Vertical scaling (scaling up) lets you increase or decrease computing power or databases as needed. Horizontal scaling (scaling out) entails adding more databases or dividing a large database into smaller nodes, using a data partitioning approach called sharding.
What is “serverless computing”?
A computing model in which the cloud provider provisions and manages servers. It enables developers to spend more time building apps and less time managing infrastructure.
What is “software as a service (Saas)”?
An application delivered over the internet by a software provider. The application doesn’t have to be purchased, installed, or run on users’ computers and instead operates in the cloud.
What is “virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)”?
IT infrastructure that allows you to access computer systems from almost any device (such as a personal computer, smartphone, or tablet). This service eliminates the need for your company to provide you with a physical machine.
What is a “virtual machine (VM)”?
A computer file (typically called an image) that behaves like an actual computer. Multiple virtual machines can run simultaneously on the same physical computer.
What is a “virtual private network (VPN)”?
A virtual private network that establishes a connection between your computer and a remote server owned by a VPN provider. This connection creates a point-to-point tunnel that encrypts your personal data, masks your IP address, and lets you get around website blocks and firewalls.
What is “virtualization”?
The act of creating a virtual version of a computing environment, including computer hardware, operating system, and storage devices. Organizations use virtualization to turn a single physical computer into multiple virtual machines that share the resources of the host machine.
What is “high availability”?
High availability focuses on ensuring maximum availability, regardless of disruptions or events that may occur.
What is “scalability”?
Scalability refers to the ability to adjust resources to meet demand.
What is “vertical scaling”?
This is adding or deleting CPUs or RAM to the virtual machine for more or less power. This is increasing or decreasing the power of machines.
What is “horizontal scaling”?
This is deploying less or more resources, more nodes, more servers, etc.
What is “reliability”?
Reliability is the ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function.
What is “predictability”?
Moving forward with confidence. This is crucial in both performance and cost.
What is “performance predictability”?
Performance predictability focuses on predicting the resources needed to deliver a positive experience for your customers.
What is “cost predictability”?
Cost predictability is focused on predicting or forecasting the cost of the cloud spend.
What is “management OF the cloud”?
This involves managing cloud resources, possibly to:
+ Automatically scale resource deployment based on need.
+ Deploy resources based on a preconfigured template, removing the need for manual configuration.
+ Monitoring the health of resources and automatically replacing failing resources.
+ receiving automatic alerts based on configured metrics; real-time dashboard.
What is “management IN the cloud”?
How we are able to manage our cloud environment and resources:
+ through a web portal
+ using a command line interface
+ using API’s
+ using PowerShell.
What is “Cloud computing”?
on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user.
What is “On-demand self-service”?
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
What is “broad network access”?
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations)
What is “Resource pooling”?
The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.
What is “Rapid elasticity”?
Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.
What is “measured service”?
Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
What is “multitenancy”?
Enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users
What is “serverless computing”?
Serverless computing is a cloud computing code execution model in which the cloud provider fully manages starting and stopping virtual machines as necessary to serve requests.
What is “Function as a Service (Faas)”?
service-hosted remote procedure call that utilizes serverless computing to enable deploying individual functions in the cloud to run in response to events
What is a “private cloud”?
cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third party, and hosted either internally or externally.
What is a “public cloud”?
Cloud services are considered “public” when they are delivered over the public Internet, and they may be offered as a paid subscription, or free of charge.
What is a “hybrid cloud”?
a composition of a public cloud and a private environment, such as a private cloud or on-premises resources, that remain distinct entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.
What is a “community cloud”?
shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party, and either hosted internally or externally.
What is a “multi-cloud”?
use of multiple cloud computing services in a single heterogeneous architecture to reduce reliance on single vendors, increase flexibility through choice, mitigate against disasters, etc.
What is “agility”?
ability to react fast (scale quickly)
What is “fault tolerance”?
ability to maintain system uptime while physical and service component failures happen
What is “disaster recovery”?
The process and design principle that allows a system to recover from natural or human-induced disasters.
How to calculate “availability”?
availability = uptime/(uptime + downtime)
