1/14/2016 Physiology II Final Flashcards
(19 cards)
Describe the degree of convergence and divergence from one human neuron to another.
Immense degree. Most cortical neurons are a site of converging input from multiple neurons and source of diverging output to multiple neurons.
Most ares of the cortex neither respond in an obvious way to:
Simple sensory
Nor produce movements when electrically
This is where we get the idea “humans only use 10% of brain”
Humans have a larger cortex. (T or F)
True
Why are humans better in making effective response to the environment?
Good ability to store and process sensory information
Bigger the cell body, _____________
Longer the axon
Apparent layers
With a missing dividing layer, like layers will merge and form a single layer
Example: “6 layers - 1 certain layer = 4 layers”
Layer I
Molecular layer (mostly axons)
Layer II
External Granular layer (granule [stellate] cells)
Layer III
External Pyramidal layer (primary pyramidal cells)
Layer IV
Internal Granule Layer (main granular cell layer)
Layer V
Internal pyramidal layer (dominated by giant pyramidal cells)
Layer VI
Multiform layer (all types of cells-pyramidal, stellate, fusiform)
Right hemisphere of the brain
“In the moment” Parallel thinking
Left hemisphere of brain
“All about the past, all about the future” organizes the information, calculates the information, “I am”
Three major cell types of cerebral cortex
Pyramidal, granule, and fusiform cells
Pyramidal cells
Source of corticospinal projections
Major efferent cell
Granule cells
Short axons that function as interneurons (intramembranous cortical processing), excites neurons to release primary glutamate, and inhibits neurons release of primary GABA
Fusiform cells
Least numerous of the cerebral cortex cell types
Gives rise to output fibers from cortex
Most output of cerebral cortex leaves via ____________.
Layer V - spinal cord tracts originate
Layer VI - Thalamic connections
