1

Question 1

medulla cavity has a membrane
lining called the

Answer 1

ENDOSTEUM

Question 2

a thick, red mass of cells inside the medulla cavity,
which makes essential blood cells

Answer 2

BONE MARROW

Question 3

created in the bone marrow

Answer 3

BLOOD CELLS

Question 4

As the bone ages, the red bone
marrow gradually changes into

Answer 4

YELLOW FATTY MARROW

Question 5

OUTER BONE SURFACE

Answer 5

PERIOSTEUM

Question 6

refers to either end or
extremity of a long bone

Answer 6

EPIPHYSIS

Question 7

end closest
to the main body of the animal

Answer 7

PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS

Question 8

end farthest
from the main body of the animal

Answer 8

DISTAL EPIPHYSIS

Question 9

the long bone shaft between the two joint ends

Answer 9

DIAPHYSIS

Question 10

the shaft that allows the bone
to increase in length

Answer 10

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

Question 11

layer of cartilage between the joint ends

Answer 11

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

Question 12

fibrous membrane that covers the exterior of the bone,
excluding the joint ends

Answer 12

PERIOSTEUM

Question 13

thin layer of
cartilage that covers each joint end

Answer 13

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

Question 14

Bones are classified based on

Answer 14

FUNCTION AND SHAPE

Question 15

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES

Answer 15

LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
SESAMOID BONES
PNEUMATIC BONES
IRREGULAR BONES

Question 16

bones found in limbs that serve as supporting
columns and levers for the skeleton, assisting in body
support, locomotion, and eating

elongated, round
shaft with two ends

Answer 16

LONG BONES

FEMUR AND HUMERUS

Question 17

cube-shaped bones that contain a spongy substance filled with
marrow spaces surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

reduce frcton and change the direction of tendons in the joint of a limb

Answer 17

SHORT BONES

knee and hock

Question 18

relatively thin, long, and wide bones that contain two
plates of compact bone surrounded by spongy bone

protect vital organs

Answer 18

FLAT BONES

ribs, sternum, and scapula

Question 19

flat and round bones that are located along the
course of tendons

pull

reduce frctn & change the direction of tendons/ the angle of muscle

Answer 19

SESAMOID BONES

kneecap, or patella

Question 20

bones that contain air spaces (sinuses) which
are in contact with the atmosphere

Answer 20

PNEUMATIC BONES

Frontal and maxillary bones

Question 21

bones that protect and support the central
nervous system

Answer 21

IRREGULAR BONES

Question 22

serve as points of attachment for tendons and
ligaments

Answer 22

NON-ARTICULAR PROJECTIONS AND DEPRESSIONS

Question 23

WHERE DO BONES GROW?

Answer 23

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE

Question 24

an increase in both
diameter and length of the bone

Answer 24

BONE GROWTH

Question 25

produces new boney tissue that increases the diameter of the bone

Answer 25

PERIOSTEUM | involved with repairing bone fractures

Question 26

the epiphysial cartilage becomes calcified, bony material

Answer 26

OSSIFICATION

Question 27

PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION

Answer 27

OSTEOGENESIS

Question 28

the parent cells of connective tissue, accomplish this process by multiplying and secreting an enzyme called phosphatase

Answer 28

OSTEOBLASTS

Question 29

causes some of the cells to mature and secrete calcium salts for ossification

Answer 29

PHOSPHATASE

Question 30

(mature bone cells) are surrounded by calcified osteoid material

Answer 30

OSTEOCYTES

Question 31

cells that secrete phosphatase which dissolves bone tissue, and increasing blood supply are responsible for bone re-absorption.

Answer 31

OSTEOCLASTS

Question 32

bone-forming cells

Answer 32

OSTEOBLASTS

Question 33

fibrin clot

Answer 33

CALLUS

Question 34

Types of Bone Fractures

Answer 34

SIMPLE FRACTURE COMPOUND FRACTURE GREENSTICK FRACTURE EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURE COMPLETE FRACTURE COMMINUTED FRACTURE

Question 35

a broken bone that does not puncture the skin

Answer 35

SIMPLE FRACTURE

Question 36

a broken bone that results in the bone protruding through the skin, making infections possible

Answer 36

COMPOUND FRACTURE

Question 37

one side of the bone is fractured and the other side is bent

Answer 37

GREENSTICK FRACTURE

Question 38

a break in the bone that occurs at the juncture of the epiphysis (end) and diaphysis (shaft)

Answer 38

EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURE

Question 39

the bone is broken completely across

Answer 39

COMPLETE FRACTURE

Question 40

the bone is broken into fragments due to crushing or splintering

Answer 40

COMMINUTED FRACTURE

Question 41

three main types of joints

Answer 41

IMMOVEABLE JOINTS SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

Question 42

joints that are filled with fibrous tissue early in life and ossify as the animal matures, making them immobile

Answer 42

IMMOVEABLE JOINTS | SKULL

Question 43

joints that allow limited movement forward, backward, and sideways | have flattened discs of cartilage; gliding joints

Answer 43

SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS | joints of vertebral column; PELVIC BONE

Question 44

synovial joints, allow friction-free movement

Answer 44

FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

Question 45

bone surfaces are shaped to operate smoothly with the bones to which they connect

Answer 45

ARTICULAR SURFACES

Question 46

cartilage that covers the articular surface and absorbs concussions

Answer 46

Articular cartilage

Question 47

capsule that contains synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and allows for the friction-free movement

Answer 47

Joint capsule

Question 48

connective tissue bands that connect bone to bone

Answer 48

LIGAMENTS

Question 49

moves in two directions, flexion and extension

Answer 49

HINGE JOINTS | KNEE JOINTS

Question 50

move in slight gliding motions between flat surfaces

Answer 50

PLANE JOINTS | carpals or small cubeshaped bones in knee joint

Question 51

allows rotary motion

Answer 51

PIVOT JOINT | axis and atlas vertebra

Question 52

allows movement in almost all directions and is characterized by a spherical head on one bone fitting into a cup-shaped socket of the other bone

Answer 52

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT | HIP JOINT

Question 53

onsists of the bones that are either on the midline of the back or are attached to the bones of the midline, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Answer 53

AXIAL SKELETON

Question 54

protects the brain, houses many of the sense organs, and contains the beginnings of the digestive and respiratory systems

Answer 54

SKULL

Question 55

Many cranial and facial bones occur in pairs, one on each side of the head and are connected at joints called

Answer 55

SUTURES

Question 56

MAJOR BONES IN CRANIUM

Answer 56

OCCIPITAL BONES PARIETAL BONES FRONTAL BONES ETHMOID BONES SPHENOID BONES

Question 57

situated at the back and lower part of the cranium

Answer 57

OCCIPITAL BONE

Question 58

form the sides and roof of the cranium

Answer 58

PARIETAL BONES

Question 59

serve as the origin of horns in horned animals

Answer 59

FRONTAL BONES

Question 60

contains openings for olfactory nerves that are responsible for the sense of smell

Answer 60

ETHMOID BONES

Question 61

supports the brain and pituitary gland

Answer 61

SPHENOID BONES

Question 62

contains eye sockets that house and protect the eyes

Answer 62

ORBITAL SECTION

Question 63

two small, oblong bones that form the “bridge” of the nose

Answer 63

NASAL SECTION

Question 64

bones that support the teeth and provide muscle attachment for chewing and swallowing.

Answer 64

ORAL SECTION

Question 65

Vertebral Column

Answer 65

5 anatomical regions including **cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, ** and **coccygeal vertebrae**

Question 66

neck area and allow for movement of the head

Answer 66

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Question 67

thin, flat, curved bones that protect the heart, lungs, stomach, spleen, and kidneys

Answer 67

RIBS

Question 68

ribs that are attached to the sternum by cartilage

Answer 68

TRUE RIBS (STERNAL RIBS)

Question 69

ribs that do not connect directly to the sternum, but may connect to the last sternal rib by cartilage

Answer 69

FALSE RIBS

Question 70

ribs that have no connection to other ribs in the sternum area

Answer 70

FLOATING RIBS

Question 71

several small bones (sternebrae) that fuse together as animal ages to form the floor of the thoracic cavity

Answer 71

STERNEBRAE

Question 72

bone that forms the point of the hock and serves as a lever for muscles that extend the hock

Answer 72

fibular tarsal

Question 73

two rows of tarsal bones in the hind leg that correspond to the ankle in humans and are similar to the carpus in the front leg

Answer 73

tarsus

Question 74

the largest sesamoid bone in quadrupeds

Answer 74

patella

Question 75

the site of several hip and thigh muscle attachments

Answer 75

femur

Question 76

a long bone that extends from the hip joint to the stifle joint

Answer 76

femur

Question 77

ventral bones in the pelvis that form the floor of the pelvic girdle

Answer 77

pubis

Question 78

**the rear points of the ischium bones are called the**

Answer 78

pin bones

Question 79

the front points of the ilium bones are called the

Answer 79

hook bones